外源活性物质对上部烟叶生理生化指标及产质量的影响  

Effects of Exogenous Active Substances on Physiological and Biochemical Indexes and Yield Quality of Upper Tobacco Leaves

作　　者：祖庆学 聂忠扬 张翼飞 王艺琨 蒋司卿 雷小芳 林松 ZU Qing-xue;NIE Zhong-yang;ZHANG Yi-fei(Guizhou Province Tobacco Company Guiyang Company,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001)

机构地区：[1]贵州省烟草公司贵阳市公司,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第23期20-24,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵阳市高可用性上部烟叶关键生产技术研究与开发项目(合同号2020-07)。

摘　　要：为了筛选能够有效调控烟叶发育成熟进程的外源活性物质,提高上部烟叶耐熟性,促进其充分成熟,提升质量,为贵阳上部烟叶优质生产提供技术依据。采用随机区组设计,共设置4个处理,即CK喷施清水;T1处理喷施5 mg/L亚精胺;T2处理喷施1 mg/L油菜素内酯;T3处理喷施40 mg/L茉莉酸甲酯。结果表明,与对照相比,不同外源活性物质均显著提高上部烟叶生长素、细胞分裂素水平,降低脱落酸水平;增强叶绿素酶活性,增加SPAD值,显著提高细胞膜稳定指数,提升细胞膜稳定性;显著增加烟株节距和叶片数,显著提高了上部烟叶产量和产值,其中均以T3处理最高,分别比对照提高了19.03%和23.17%;T2和T3处理总糖、还原糖、钾含量均较高,所有处理烟碱含量均降低,T1、T3处理的两糖比均大于0.9,不同外源活性物质处理的糖碱比均在6.0~10.0,而CK偏低,不同处理的两糖比和糖碱比均以T3处理最高,其值分别为0.96和9.24,所有处理钾氯比均大于4.0,其中以T2处理最高,其值为10.90;上部烟叶外观质量及感官质量均提升,其中均以T2处理最好,其值分别为6.00和60.00分。综合而言,喷施1 mg/L油菜素内酯的T2处理有利于促进上部烟叶生长,提高细胞膜稳定性,延缓衰老,改善烟株通风透光条件,增加叶片数,提高上部烟叶产量和产值,增加糖、钾含量,降低烟碱含量,显著提高糖碱比,提升烟叶外观质量和感官质量,改善烟叶成熟度和身份,提高香气质和香气量,降低刺激性。In order to screen exogenous active substances that can effectively regulate the development and maturation process of tobacco leaves,to improve the maturity tolerance of upper tobacco leaves,to promote their full maturity,to improve quality,and to provide technical basis for high-quality tobacco production in upper part of Guiyang City,we used random block design and adopted 4 treatments of CK,spraying water,T1(spraying 5 mg/L spermidine),T2(spraying 1 mg/L brassinolide),T3(spraying 40 mg/L methyl jasmonate).Results showed that compared with the CK,different exogenous active substances significantly increased the levels of auxin and cytokinin in upper leaves,decreased the level of abscisic acid,enhanced chlorophyll enzyme activity,increased SPAD value,significantly improved cell membrane stability index,and improved cell membrane stability.It significantly increased the pitch and leaf number of tobacco plants,and significantly enhanced the yield and output value of upper tobacco leaves.Among them,T3 treatment was the highest,which was 19.03%and 23.17%higher than that of the control,respectively.The contents of total sugar,reducing sugar and potassium in T2 and T3 treatments were higher,and the nicotine content in all treatments decreased.The ratio of two sugars in T1 and T3 treatments was greater than 0.9,and the ratio of sugar to alkali in different exogenous active substances treatments was in the range of 6.0-10.0,while CK was lower.The ratio of two sugars and the ratio of sugar to alkali in different treatments were the highest in T3 treatment,with values being 0.96 and 9.24,respectively.The ratio of potassium to chlorine in all treatments was greater than 4.0,of which T2 treatment was the highest,with a value of 10.90;the appearance quality and sensory quality of upper tobacco leaves were improved,among which T2 treatment was the best,and the values were 6.00 and 60.00 points,respectively.In general,spraying 1 mg/L brassinolide T2 treatment could promote the growth of upper tobacco leaves,improve the stabil

关 键 词：外源活性物质 上部烟叶 生理生化指标 产质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]