“始终”涌现极性特征的博弈分析  

A Game Analysis of the Emerging Polarity Sensitivity of Shizhong

作　　者：李怡 蒋勇[1] LI Yi;JIANG Yong(Shanghai International Studies University,Shanghai 201620,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学,上海市201620

出　　处：《现代外语》2024年第6期778-789,共12页Modern Foreign Languages

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“汉语特别概念系统构建原理的空间复合研究”(19BYY027);上海外国语大学第六届导师学术引领计划“古今汉语任指词的信息科学研究”(2023DSYL003);上海外国语大学语料库研究院研究生科研创新项目“基于信息博弈模型的汉语扩域词研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文解释“始终”的涌现极性特征,提出用博弈论来解释“始终”在特定句法环境中被许可的理据,以及它在肯定的离散事件句中不合法的原因。“始终”通过延长时间跨度来增强语气力度,其涌现极性特征反映了交际者以一定支出换取较高收益的语用良策。我们先评述与涌现极性现象相关的研究理论,然后用信号博弈理论分析下向蕴含语境、惯常句与连续事件句能允准“始终”的理据以及不合法用例产生的原因。其中,以泊松分布公式定量刻画“始终”增大事件概率的作用,以自信息公式计算它的信息力度,以博弈支付矩阵图探究它在语境中被优选或排斥的原因。This paper investigates the emerging polarity sensitivity of the adverb“shizhong”(always)in the light of game theory to elucidate its usage patterns in specific syntactic environments and its inappropriateness in affirmative discrete event sentences.“Shizhong”intensifies illocutionary force by extending the time span,and its emerging polarity sensitivity reflects an optimal strategy for achieving a greater payoff at an additional cost in language games.We begin by reviewing the theoretical research on emerging polarity sensitivity.We then analyze the rationale for“shizhong”being licensed in downward-entailing contexts,habitual sentences,and continuous event sentences,while explaining its unsuitability in certain cases within the framework of signaling game theory.Specifically,we quantitatively assess the utility of“shizhong”in enhancing event probability through the Poisson distribution formula,measure its informational strength using the self-information formula,and examine its preferential selection or rejection across various contexts via game payoff matrices.

关 键 词：涌现极性特征 自信息 泊松分布 信号博弈 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]