艺术体操交换难度中的视觉搜索特征  

Visual Search Features of Rhythmic Gymnasts in“Difficulty with Exchange”Movements

作　　者：孟祥仪 项明强[1] 杜熙茹[1] 张弛誉 MENG Xiangyi;XIANG Mingqiang;DU Xiru;ZHANG Chiyu(Guangzhou Sport University,Guangzhou 510500,China.)

机构地区：[1]广州体育学院,广东广州510500

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2024年第11期31-38,共8页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：广东省人类运动表现科学重点实验室资助项目。

摘　　要：目的:探索艺术体操运动员在不同情况下完成高质量交换难度时的视觉搜索特征。方法:以27名艺术体操运动员为研究对象,选择圈作为器械,在4种不同情况下完成有效交换难度,共计108次。使用便携眼动仪记录运动员在实际完成交换难度时的眼动数据。裁判员通过观看录制的实验视频打出完成扣分,用以评估交换难度的完成质量。采用逐步回归分析方法,探索可以预测交换难度的指标的完成质量。采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,对纳入的眼动指标及完成扣分进行对比分析,了解不同情况下交换难度的视觉搜索特征差异。结果:回归分析结果显示,对空中圈的注视次数和平均瞳孔直径2个注视指标,以及眼跳次数、平均眼跳峰值、最大眼跳峰值、最小眼跳峰值和平均眼跳幅度5个眼跳指标,在4组回归方程中均可显著预测交换难度的完成质量(P<0.05)。H检验结果显示,不同情况下交换难度的完成质量无显著性差异(P>0.05);眼跳次数、平均眼跳峰值、最大眼跳峰值在3个指标存在显著性差异(P<0.05);对空中圈的注视次数、平均瞳孔直径2个指标无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:1)在交换难度中,艺术体操运动员对空中圈的注视次数和平均瞳孔直径,以及眼跳次数、平均眼跳峰值、最大眼跳峰值、最小眼跳峰值和平均眼跳幅度,可以在大部分情况下有效预测交换难度的完成质量。2)眼跳次数、平均眼跳峰值、最大眼跳峰值的变化,可以有效反映运动员在完成交换难度前后衔接动作时的工作负荷,以及判断其难易程度。运动员在完成大幅度位移后进行交换难度,眼跳次数和平均眼跳峰值会相对增加。随着接住器械时的工作负荷加大,其平均眼跳幅度也会相应增加。Objective:To explore the visual search features of rhythmic gymnasts when performing high-quality“difficulty with exchange”movements under different conditions.Methods:A total of 27 rhythmic gymnasts chose hoop apparatus to perform effective“difficulty with exchange”in four different conditions,for a total of 108 attempts.A portable eye-tracker was used to record the athletes’eye movement data while they performing the“difficulty with exchange”.Judges reviewed recorded experimental videos and assigned e-penalties to evaluate the execution quality of the exchange.Stepwise regression analysis was used to explore which indicators could predict the execution quality of the exchange.The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare and analyze the included eye movement indicators and e-penalties to understand the differences in visual search features under different conditions.Results:The regression analysis indicated that two fixation indicators,namely the number of fixations on the aerial hoops and the average pupil diameter,as well as five saccade indicators,that is,the number of saccades,average peak velocity of saccades,maximum peak velocity of saccades,minimum peak velocity of saccades,and average amplitude of saccades,all evidently predicted the completion quality of difficulty with exchange in four regression equations(P<0.05).Additionally,the Kruskal-Wallis H test revealed no significant differences in the completion quality of difficulty with exchange under varied conditions(P>0.05).However,no remarkable differences were observed in three indicators,including the number of saccades,average peak velocity of saccades,and maximum peak velocity of saccades(P<0.05).Moreover,there were no substantial differences in the number of fixations on the aerial hoops and the average pupil diameter(P>0.05).Conclusions:1)During difficulty with exchange movements,rhythmic gymnasts’number of fixations and average pupil diameter on the hoop in the air,as well as the number of saccades,average peak velocity of saccad

关 键 词：艺术体操 集体项目 交换难度 视觉搜索特征 眼动 

分 类 号：G834[文化科学—体育训练]