2013-2024年中国优秀运动员贫血流行特征分析  

Analysis of Prevalence Characteristics of Anemia in Chinese Elite Athletes from 2013 to 2024

作　　者：杨星雅[1] 张建丽 李鹏飞[1] 张卫英[1] YANG Xingya;ZHANG Jianli;LI Pengfei;ZHANG Weiying(China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2024年第11期39-44,共6页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(基本24-46)。

摘　　要：目的:了解2013—2024年中国优秀运动员贫血流行特征,分析不同项群运动员的贫血率和贫血类型特征。方法:2013—2024年,共收集15岁及以上国家队运动员血常规检测数据26221例,计算中国优秀运动员的总体贫血率,分析不同性别、年份、奥运周期及项群的贫血率变化特点及贫血类型构成特点。结果:1)运动员总体贫血率为4.9%,男运动员为2.4%,女运动员为7.0%。2)2013—2024年的3个奥运周期中,运动员贫血率呈现波动下降趋势,分别在2016年和2020年前后出现两个高峰。3)4种贫血类型中,正常细胞性贫血在3个奥运周期内占比最高,其次为单纯小细胞性贫血和小细胞低色素性贫血,大细胞性贫血极少。4)8个项群中,格斗对抗性项群运动员贫血率最高(9.6%),其次为隔网对抗性(6.4%)、表现准确性(5.5%)和同场对抗性项群(4.6%)。5)除了快速力量性项群以小细胞低色素性贫血占比最高以外,其余项群的正常细胞性贫血和单纯小细胞性贫血的比例最高。结论:1)中国优秀运动员贫血率在3个奥运周期内呈现出波动下降趋势;2)8个项群中,格斗对抗性项群的运动员贫血率最高,其次为隔网对抗性项群、表现准确性项群和同场对抗性项群;3)大强度训练是导致运动员贫血的主要因素。Objective:To investigate the prevalence characteristics of anemia in Chinese elite athletes from 2013 to 2024,and analyze the anemia rate and type characteristics of athletes in different sports event groups.Methods:A total of 26221 blood routine test datas of national team athletes over 15 years old from 2013 to 2024 were collected.Then calculating the overall anemia rate of Chinese elite athletes,the variation characteristics of anemia rate and the composition characteristics of anemia types in different genders,years,Olympic cycles and event groups were analyzed.Results:1)The overall anemia rate was 4.9%,2.4%for male athletes and 7.0%for female athletes.2)The anemia rate of athletes in the past three Olympic cycles from 2013 to 2024 showed a trend of fluctuation and decline,and there were two peaks around 2016 and 2020 respectively.3)Among the four types of anemia,normal cell anemia was the highest proportion followed by simple small cell anemia and microcytic hypochromic anemia,and macrocytic anemia was very rare.4)Among the eight event groups,the anemia rate of the athletes in the combat adversarial event group was the highest(9.6%),followed by the net separated antagonistic event group(6.4%),the performance accuracy event group(5.5%)and the on-court adversarial event group(4.6%).5)The proportion of normal cell anemia and simple small cell anemia was the highest in all event groups except fast and strength event group of the proportion of microcytic hypochromic anemia was highest.Conclusions:1)The anemia rate of Chinese elite athletes showed a fluctuation downward trend during the past three Olympic cycles;2)among the eight event groups,athletes in combat adversarial event group had the highest anemia rate,followed by the net adversarial event group,the performance accuracy event group and the on-court adversarial event group;3)high-intensity training is the main factor of anemia in athletes.

关 键 词：运动员 贫血 流行特征 

分 类 号：G804.32[文化科学—运动人体科学]