珍稀植物银粉蔷薇开花生物学特性与繁育系统  

Flowering characteristics and breeding system ofthe rare plant Rosa anemoniflora

作　　者：俞群 阮淑明[1] 施清华 黄晓春 曾华浩[4] 高伟 YU Qun;RUAN Shuming;SHI Qinghua;HUANG Xiaochun;ZENG Huahao;GAO Wei(Institute of Forest Ecology and Carbon Sink Measurement,Department of Forestry,Fujian Forestry Vocational and Technical College,Nanping,Fujian 353000,China;National Nature Reserve of Mangdang Mountain of Fujian Province,Nanping,Fujian 353000,China;Fujian Forestry Survey and Design Institute,Fuzhou 350000,China;Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences,Fuzhou 350012,China)

机构地区：[1]福建林业职业技术学院林学系森林生态与碳汇计量研究所,福建南平353000 [2]南平茫荡山国家级自然保护区管理处,福建南平353000 [3]福建省林业勘察设计院,福州350000 [4]福建省林业科学研究院,福州350012

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2024年第12期1937-1945,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：福建省林业科学技术研究项目(2024FKJ30);2023年生物及物种资源保护项目(2023SWWZBH-8);南平市自然科学基金项目(N2021J011);福建林业职业技术学院校科研平台基本运行经费资助项目。

摘　　要：【目的】明确银粉蔷薇的繁育系统、传粉特性及濒危机制,为珍稀濒危植物的保护和繁育提供理论依据。【方法】采用离体培养萌发法测定花粉活力,联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性,扫描电镜观测其花粉形态,人工观察和记录其花部特征、开花动态和访花昆虫。【结果】(1)银粉蔷薇花粉开花后第4天活力最高,柱头可授性最佳期为开花后第3天。(2)银粉蔷薇单花花期为5~7 d,种群花期为25 d左右,杂交指数(OCI)为4,繁育系统评判为异交型,部分自交亲和,异交需要传粉者。(3)银粉蔷薇传粉昆虫单一,东方蜜蜂和熊蜂为主要传粉者。【结论】银粉蔷薇的繁育机制是异交型,部分自交亲和,为虫媒传粉。传粉昆虫单一,传粉行为易受天气影响和人为干扰是银粉蔷薇濒危的重要原因;在花期释放有效昆虫和减少人为破坏是银粉蔷薇保育的重要措施。[Objective]The study aims to examine the breeding system,pollination characteristics,and endangered mechanism of Rosa anemoniflora,and provide theoretical basis for the protection and breeding of the rare and endangered plants.[Methods]Pollen viability was measured by in vitro culture germination method.Stigma receptivity was measured by benzidine hydrogen peroxide method.Pollen morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope.Flower characteristics,flowering dynamics,and visiting insects were manually recorded and observed.[Results](1)The pollen vitality of R.anemoniflora was the highest on the fourth day of flowering,and the best period of stigma receptivity was the third day.(2)The single flowering period of R.anemoniflora was 5-7 days,and the population flowering period was about 25 days.The hybridization index(OCI)was 4.The breeding system was heterozygous with partially self compatible, and outbreeding requires pollinators. (3) R. anemoniflora had a single pollinator, with Apiscerana and Bombus sp. being the main pollinators. [Conclusion] The breeding mechanism of R. anemoniflorawas heterozygous, partially self-compatible, and pollinated by insects. The single pollinating insectand the susceptibility of pollination behavior to weather conditions and human interference were importantreasons for the endangerment of R. anemoniflora. Releasing effective insects during the flowering periodand reducing human damage were important measures for the conservation of R. anemoniflora.

关 键 词：银粉蔷薇 开花特性 访花昆虫 繁育系统 

分 类 号：Q945.5[生物学—植物学]