石羊河下游白刺的繁殖物候及其结果习性  

Propagation phenological phase and fruiting habits of theNitraria tangutorum in the lower reaches of Shiyang River

作　　者：刘虎俊 刘筠 刘淑娟 赵鹏 戚福俊 刘开琳 LIU Hujun;LIU Yun;LIU Shujuan;ZHAO Peng;QI Fujun;LIU Kailin(Minqin National Study Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem,Minqin,Gansu 733300,China;College of Forestry,Gansu Agriculture University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃民勤荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,甘肃民勤733300 [2]甘肃农业大学林学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2024年第12期1965-1972,共8页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“典型区域防护林体系生态质量与防沙治沙功能精准提升近自然营建技术研究与示范”(2022YFF1302505-04);甘肃省重大项目“八步沙及河西走廊典型风沙区退化防风固沙体系修复关键技术研究与示范”(21ZD4FA010)。

摘　　要：【目的】结果习性是选育植物良种及其科学管理的基础,调查石羊河下游的白刺,确定其繁殖物候和结果枝特征以及果实性状,为其优良种质选择和栽培管理提供参考。【方法】结合生物生态学调查方法,在野外调查基础上运用物候学和生物学分析方法,统计分析调查区白刺物候及其结果习性。【结果】3年生白刺开始开花结果,当年花芽分化,混合芽在翌年可发育成结果枝,开花结果;营养枝和枝刺都可形成花芽,其中营养枝占比66.67%。结果母枝生长果枝、营养枝、结果枝+营养枝和枝刺,结果枝显著(P<0.05)多于其他类型枝;结果枝数平均占比81.49%;结果枝可分为短果枝(2~6 cm,42.72%),中果枝(6~10 cm,52.43%)和长果枝(10.1~11.6 cm,4.85%)。营养枝和枝刺的果序平均数分别为6.62和6.69个,结果率3个/序的占比分别是56.41%和39.13%,但是二者差异不显著(P>0.05)。白刺果实为长圆形,横径与其性状的关系大于纵径,且显著影响鲜果重。白刺花蕾形成至果实开始脱落的时间为25~40 d。【结论】白刺的花期和果期都随气候变暖有提前和延长趋势,结果母枝是一种复合性枝,枝类型和结果习性受生境影响小于果实性状。[Objective]Fruiting habits was the basis for the selection of plant varieties and scientific management,and the investigation of Nitraria tangutorum in the lower reaches of Shiyang River determined the propagation phenological phase and characteristics of fruit branches,fruit traits,providing a reference for excellent germplasm selection and cultivation management.[Methods]Combined with the biological and ecology survey method,the phenological and biological analysis methods were used to statistically analyze the phenology and fruit habits by the basis of the field investigation in the survey area.[Results]3-year-old N.tangutorum began to flower and bear fruit.The flower buds differentiation in the same year,and the mixed bud would develop a fruit branch in the second year,and flowers and bears fruit.Both of vegetative branches and branches thorn could generate flower buds,of which 66.67%were vegetative branches.It was results that the mother branch grew fruit branches,vegetative branches,fruiting branches+vegetative branches and branches thorn,and the fruiting branches were significantly more than other types of branches(P<0.05).The average number of fruiting branches accounted for 81.49%.The fruit branches could be divided into short fruit branches (2-6 cm, 42.72%), medium fruit branches (6-10 cm,52.43%) and long fruit branches (10.1-11.6 cm, 4.85%). The average number of infructescence of vegetativebranches and branches thorn was 6.62 and 6.69, respectively and the fruit rate was respectively56.41% and 39.13% of the 3 fruits, while the difference between the different inflorescences was not significant(P >0.05). The fruit shape of N . tangutorum was oblong, and the relationship between thetransverse diameter and its traits was greater than the longitudinal diameter, and it significantly affectedthe weight of the fresh fruit. The period from flower bud to fruit dropping of N . tangutorum was about25-40 d, which flowering and fruit stage with the climate warm of the trend of advance and prolongation.The fruit tr

关 键 词：白刺 繁殖物候 结果习性 结果枝 果实性状 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]