基于生物学特性的北苍术种质资源评价  

Evaluation of germplasm resources of Atractylodes chinensis(DC.)Koidz based on biological characteristics

作　　者：白佳 赵春颖[1] 陈建辉 魏金月 李颖哲 BAI Jia;ZHAO Chunying;CHEN Jianhui;WEI Jinyue;LI Yingzhe(Hebei Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine,Chengde Medical University,Chengde,Hebei 067000,China)

机构地区：[1]承德医学院河北省中药研究与开发重点实验室,河北承德067000

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第12期143-154,共12页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金项目(H2022406053)。

摘　　要：【目的】基于北苍术种质资源的表型多样性,对其植株的生物学特性进行评价,为种质资源选育、评价和开发利用提供理论参考。【方法】收集河北省承德市、张家口市、秦皇岛市不同县区的野生或栽培北苍术样品30株(编号为BCZ1~BCZ30),对其株高、茎粗、周长、簇生茎数、叶长、叶宽等指标进行测定,分析不同植株各指标差异、变异情况及相关性,对株高、叶形指数进行多元线性回归,并依据叶片分裂部位进行聚类分析。【结果】北苍术株高30.33~69.67 cm,茎粗0.10~0.53 cm,周长32.67~122.67 cm,簇生茎数5.00~55.00支,上、中、下叶的长宽比分别为1.6~3.9,1.4~3.6,1.4~3.8。其中BCZ9株高最高、茎最粗、中下部叶片最长;BCZ2、BCZ12、BCZ15、BCZ20、BCZ21、BCZ26全株叶片均呈卵形或椭圆形,未见分裂;而BCZ29全株叶片羽状分裂;30株北苍术茎粗、叶宽、叶长的变异系数大,存在显著变异,具有遗传变异性;而株高、周长等变异系数较小,遗传较为稳定;北苍术株高与茎粗、周长、簇生茎数均极显著相关,叶片长度与宽度极显著相关;以株高为因变量建立线性回归模型,茎粗、周长、簇生茎数及上、中、下部叶长和叶宽可以共同解释北苍术株高44.70%的变异,以叶形指数为因变量,株高、茎粗、周长、簇生茎数及上、中、下部叶长和叶宽可共同解释北苍术上部叶形指数79.60%、中部叶形指数91.50%、下部叶形指数87.50%的变异;以叶片分裂部位为变量,将不同产地北苍术聚为6类。【结论】承德市滦平县大屯镇的BCZ9植株种质综合性状表现优异,株高、种源等可作为评价北苍术种质资源的指标。【Objective】Based on phenotypic diversity of germplasm resources,the biological characte-ristics of Atractylodes chinensis(DC.)Koidz plants were evaluated to provide references for selection,evaluation,development and utilization of germplasm resources.【Method】A total of 30 wild or cultivated A.chinensis(numbered BCZ1-BCZ30)from different counties and districts in Chengde,Zhangjiakou and Qinhuangdao of Hebei Province were collected.Plant height,stem diameter,circumference,number of fascicled stems,leaf length and leaf width were measured,and differences,variation and correlation of different indexes among different plants were analyzed.Multiple linear regression was performed for plant height and leaf index,and cluster analysis was carried out according to leaf division.【Result】The plant height was 30.33-69.67 cm,stem diameter was 0.10-0.53 cm,perimeter was 32.67-122.67 cm,number of fascicled stems was 5.00-55.00,and length-to-width ratios of upper,middle and lower leaves were 1.6-3.9,1.4-3.6 and 1.4-3.8,respectively.BCZ9 was the highest plant height and thick stem,and it had the longest middle leaf and lower leaf.Leaves of BCZ2,BCZ12,BCZ15,BCZ20,BCZ21 and BCZ26 were ovate or oval without division,while leaves of BCZ29 were pinnately divided.Variation coefficients of stem diameter,leaf width and leaf length of 30 A.chinensis were large with significant variation and genetic variability.Variation coefficients of plant height and girth were small with stable heredity.The plant height was significantly correlated with stem diameter,circumference and number of fascicled stems,and length and width of leaves were significantly correlated.A linear regression model was established with plant height as the dependent variable,and variations of plant height,circumference,number of fascicled stems,length and width of upper,middle and lower leaves jointly explained 44.70%of plant height variation.Using the variation of leaf index as the dependent variable,plant height,stem diameter,perimeter,number of fascicled ste

关 键 词：北苍术 种质资源 表型多样性 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S567.211[农业科学—中草药栽培]