中美欧数字服务贸易发展的差异、竞争格局及中国应对  

Differences and Competition Pattern of Digital Service Trade between China, the US and the EU and China's Response

作　　者：张志敏[1] 胡润哲 Zhang Zhimin;Hu Runzhe

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学经济学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯学刊》2024年第6期93-114,共22页Academic Journal of Russian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“数字技术对中国制造业出口贸易高质量发展的影响、机制与对策研究”(项目批准号:21BJL103)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：数字服务贸易已迅速成为全球服务贸易的新引擎和主要竞争领域。通过比较分析中国、美国及欧盟数字服务贸易发展的差异及竞争格局,可以发现:第一,虽然美国和欧盟在规模上占据优势,但中国增长迅速;第二,保险和养老金服务的占比有所下降,而中国和欧盟的知识产权使用费和ICT服务出口均呈上升趋势;第三,美国的贸易限制水平相对较低,中国和欧盟在基础设施和连通性方面的限制水平上升明显;第四,欧盟在数字服务四大领域均保持领先,美国的金融服务表现突出,中国的ICT服务正逐步走向引领地位;第五,中国数字服务贸易仍存在领域间发展不均衡、面临较高的贸易壁垒、国际竞争能力不高以及经贸规则制定的参与度不足等问题。中国应持续扩大ICT服务等优势领域的比较优势,优化知识产权等劣势领域的发展模式,加强区域合作,在开放和保护中寻求精妙平衡。Digital service trade has rapidly become a new engine and major competitive field for global service trade.By comparing and analyzing the differences and competitive landscape of digital service trade between China,the US and the EU,it can be found that:Although the US and the EU have an advantage in scale,China has grown rapidly.The proportion of insurance and pension services has declined,while intellectual property royalties and ICT service exports have shown an upward trend in both China and the EU.The level of trade restrictions in the US is relatively low,and the level of restrictions in infrastructure and connectivity in China and the EU has increased significantly.The EU maintains a leading position in all four major areas of digital services,the US has outstanding financial services,and China's ICT services are gradually moving towards a leading position.China's digital service trade still has uneven development between different fields,faces high trade barriers and lack low international competitiveness and sufficient participation in the formulation of economic and trade rules.China should continue to expand its comparative advantages in advantageous fields such as ICT services,optimize the development model in disadvantageous fields such as intellectual property rights,strengthen regional cooperation,and seek a delicate balance between openness and protection.

关 键 词：数字服务贸易 贸易限制 国际竞争格局 显示性竞争优势 

分 类 号：F746.18[经济管理—国际贸易]