多源遥感数据在洪涝灾害分析中的应用  

Application of multi-source remote sensing data in flood disaster analysis

作　　者：张伟 董世元 张明杰 ZHANG Wei;DONG Shiyuan;ZHANG Mingjie(Suzhou Zhongke Tianqi Remote Sensing Technology Company Limited,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215000,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州中科天启遥感科技有限公司,江苏苏州215000

出　　处：《北京测绘》2024年第11期1593-1598,共6页Beijing Surveying and Mapping

基　　金：江苏省科技计划(BE2023061)。

摘　　要：洪涝灾害给人民群众生命财产安全带来严重威胁,如何快速划定洪涝灾害受灾范围,对于灾害分析工作具有重要意义。本文以海河“23·7”流域性特大洪水影响严重区域之一的涿州市为研究区,首先利用合成孔径雷达(SAR)提取灾害过程时序水体信息,分析得到洪水演进过程水体面积及洪水淹没范围时空演变情况;然后结合时序光学影像对比与实地踏勘调研,划定受灾范围,确定受灾位置、受灾面积及主要受灾地物类型。研究结果表明:与传统光学卫星遥感相比,融合SAR的多源卫星遥感能够突破云雨限制,显著提高遥感应用的时效性,可对灾害过程的地表水体覆盖情况进行时空变化分析。进一步结合地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析方法,可为灾害应急救援及灾损评估工作提供技术保障。Flood disasters pose a serious threat to the safety of people’s lives and properties.How to confirm the flood disaster-affected areas quickly is very significant for the work of disaster analysis.In this paper,Zhuozhou City,one of the areas heavily affected by the“July 23”catastrophic flood in the Haihe River Basin,was studied.This paper used the synthetic aperture radar(SAR)to extract temporal water information during the disaster period and analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of the water area and flood inundation scope during the flood evolution process.Through temporal optical image comparison and field investigation,the paper then determined the flood-affected scope,location,and area,as well as the main types of the affected surface features.The research results show that unlike traditional optical satellite remote sensing,multi-source satellite remote sensing combined with SAR breaks through the influence of clouds and rain.It significantly improves the timeliness of remote sensing applications and can perform spatio-temporal change analysis of surface water coverage during the disaster process.By combining with geographic information system(GIS)spatial analysis,it can provide technical support for the work of disaster emergency rescue and disaster loss assessment.

关 键 词：多源遥感 洪涝灾害 合成孔径雷达(SAR) 洪水淹没范围 地理信息系统空间分析 灾损评估 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]