国有企业特殊对待与市场主体平等保护的规范势差及其限缩  

Normative Disparities and Their Reduction Between Special Treatment of SOEs and Equal Protection of Market Entities

作　　者：张力 ZHANG Li

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学民商法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2024年第6期21-39,共19页Chinese Journal of Law

摘　　要：宪法对公有制经济主体地位与国有经济主导力量的定位,催生了国有企业相较其他企业形态被特殊对待的规范内容,其中重点是向国企运营的关键环节嵌入职责与担当,这本身并不导致国企特殊对待与国企民企平等保护的规范对立。但两者间“主”与“非主”的宪法渊源差、“最佳化命令”对“内容空洞”的规范结构差、体制内与外的规范动力差、改革先与后的规范时间差,会不同程度地影响国企民企平等保护的效果。通过采用在民法端推动市场主体发展权的权利化与可诉化、辨别国企功能性分类中的特殊对待内容、校正国企与民企间非对称均衡等规范势差限缩手段,可改善平等保护的规范运行环境,引导国企特殊对待与平等保护规范良性互动机制的形成,促进民营经济健康发展。The constitutional positioning of the public ownership economy as the main body and the state-owned economy as the leading force has given rise to the normative content that treats state-owned enterprises(SOEs)differently from other forms of enterprises.The focus is on embedding responsibilities and commitments into key operational aspects of SOEs,which does not inherently lead to an opposition of norm between the special treatment of SOEs and the equal protection of SOEs and private enterprises.However,differences in constitutional sources between“primary”and“non-primary”,normative structures between“optimization commands”and“empty content”,normative dynamics between institutional and extra-institutional,and normative timing between reform priorities and sequences can affect the effectiveness of equal protection of SOEs and private enterprises to varying degrees.Measures for limiting these normative disparities,such as making the right of market entities to develop in civil law a justiciable legal right,embedding special and distinct treatment contents into the functional classification of SOEs,and correcting the asymmetric balance between SOEs and private enterprises,can improve the normative operating environment for equal protection and guide the formation of a positive mechanism for interaction between the special treatment of SOEs and equal protection of SOEs and private enterprises,thereby promoting the healthy development of the private economy.

关 键 词：国有企业 市场主体 平等保护 国企功能性分类 民营经济促进法 

分 类 号：D922.29[政治法律—经济法学] D922.1[政治法律—法学]