不同瓜类作物耐盐碱性鉴定方法初探  

A preliminary study on the identification of salinity tolerance in different Cucurbitaceae crops

作　　者：周贤达[1] 范家萌 谢长宝 睢祥琨 林茂[1] 王浩波[1] ZHOU Xianda;FAN Jiameng;XIE Changbao;SUI Xiangkun;LIN Mao;WANG Haobo(Hefei Fengle Seed Co.,Ltd./Anhui Watermelon Melon Engineering Technology Center Research Center,Hefei 230031,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]合肥丰乐种业股份有限公司·安徽省西瓜甜瓜工程技术研究中心,合肥230031

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2024年第12期81-87,共7页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：2023年安徽省西瓜甜瓜良种联合攻关项目;2023年国家西瓜甜瓜育种联合攻关任务。

摘　　要：为了评估葫芦、南瓜、甜瓜和西瓜在盐碱胁迫条件下的耐盐碱性,为盐碱地的合理利用和耐盐碱品种的选育提供科学依据,选取葫芦(丰砧一号)、南瓜(丰乐金甲)、甜瓜(金露三号)和西瓜(中蜜一号)4个品种,在3叶1心期使用单一盐(NaCl)、混合盐碱(NaCl+Na_(2)SO_(4)+NaHCO_(3)+Na_(2)CO_(3))和混合盐(KNO_(3)+K_(2)SO_(4))三种盐碱溶液对幼苗进行处理,通过苗期盐害指数评估和极差分析进行品种耐盐性分析鉴定。结果表明,中蜜一号对单一盐溶液浓度变化最敏感,盐害指数在200 mmol·L^(-1)时最大;丰乐金甲对单一盐溶液的浓度变化最不敏感。对于混合盐碱溶液,金露三号对浓度变化最敏感,盐害指数在200 mmol·L^(-1)时最大;丰乐金甲对混合盐碱溶液的浓度变化最不敏感。混合盐溶液处理中,中蜜一号对浓度变化最敏感,盐害指数在200 mmol·L^(-1)时最大;丰乐金甲对混合盐溶液的浓度变化最不敏感。南瓜在盐碱胁迫下表现出较强的耐盐碱性,适合在轻度至中度盐碱地种植;而葫芦、甜瓜和西瓜的耐盐碱性较弱,不适宜在盐碱地种植。这些结果为盐碱地的合理利用和耐盐碱品种的选育提供了科学依据。In order to evaluate the salt-alkali tolerance of bottle gourd,squash,melon,and watermelon under saline-alkali stress,and provide a scientific basis for the rational use of saline-alkali land and the breeding of salt-alkali resistant varieties,four cultivars-bottle gourd(Fengzhen 1),squash(Fengle Jinjia),melon(Jinlu 3),and watermelon(Zhongmi 1)were selected.Three types of salt-alkali solutions,namely single salt(NaCl),mixed salt-alkali(NaCl+Na_(2)SO_(4)+NaHCO_(3)+Na_(2)CO_(3)),and mixed salt(KNO_(3)+K_(2)SO_(4)),were used to treat the seedlings at 3 three-leaf-one-heart growth stage.The salt-alkali tolerance of the varieties was analyzed and identified through evaluation of the salt injury index and range analysis.The experimental results showed that Zhongmi 1 was the most sensitive to concentration variations in single salt solution treatment,with the highest salt injury index at 200 mmol·L^(-1),while Fengle Jinjia was the least sensitive.For mixed salt-alkali solution treatment,Jinlu 3 was the most sensitive to concentration changes,with a significant increase in the salt injury index at 200 mmol·L^(-1),while Fengle Jinjia was the least sensitive.In the case of mixed salt solution treatment,Zhongmi 1 was the most sensitive,with a significant increase in the salt injury index at 200 mmol·L^(-1),while Fengle Jinjia was the least sensitive.Except for Zhongmi 1,the other three cultivars were sensitive to concentration differences in mixed salt-alkali solution.Squash exhibited strong salt-alkali tolerance and were suitable for cultivation in mildly to moderately saline-alkali land,while bottle gourd,melon and watermelon had weaker salt-alkali tolerance and not suitable for cultivation in saline-alkali land.These findings provide a scientific basis for the rational utilization of saline-alkali land and the breeding of salt-alkali resistant varieties.

关 键 词：西瓜 甜瓜 南瓜 葫芦 耐盐碱 苗期盐害指数 

分 类 号：S642[农业科学—蔬菜学] S651[农业科学—园艺学] S652