施氮对无土盆栽番茄生长、产量及品质的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application on growth,yield and quality of tomato with culture in pot

作　　者：张雨昕 冯海萍[1] ZHANG Yuxin;FENG Haiping(Institute of Horticulture,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science,Yinchuan 750002,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所,银川750002

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2024年第12期121-125,共5页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32160706);宁夏自然科学基金(2022AAC03443)。

摘　　要：为了探明氮素对番茄生长指标以及产量品质的影响,采用盆栽试验,设置5个氮素水平处理,分别为CK(施氮0 g·株^(-1))、N1(施氮2.5 g·株^(-1))、N2(施氮5.0 g·株^(-1))、N3(施氮7.5 g·株^(-1))、N4(施氮10 g·株^(-1)),利用随机区组设计,以不施氮作为对照,分析枸杞枝条基质下不同施氮量对番茄生长指标、品质和产量的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,各施氮处理均不同程度地提高了番茄的植株高度、叶绿素含量和果实产量,在N3处理下,番茄在不同穗果期的产量均达到最大值,较CK分别增加了48.47%、30.00%、125.66%和46.41%。施氮也会显著增加果实总酸、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物和维生素C含量,但会抑制番茄红素含量。在氮肥施用量达到一定水平后,番茄相关指标的增幅逐渐减小,甚至下降。因此,适量施氮可促进番茄的生长发育,过量施氮会导致番茄营养生长过盛,抑制植株生殖生长,导致番茄产量降低,其中N3(施氮7.5 g·株^(-1))为最佳处理。In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen on growth indices as well as yield quality of tomato,a pot experiment was used to analyse the effects of different nitrogen application rates on growth indexes,quality and yield of tomato under the substrate of Lycium barbarum branches.In this experiment,five nitrogen level treatments were set up through wolfberry branch substrate cultivation,namely CK(applying nitrogen 0 g·plant^(-1)),N1(applying nitrogen 2.5 g·plant^(-1)),N2(applying nitrogen 5.0 g·plant^(-1)),N3(applying nitrogen 7.5 g·plant^(-1))and N4(applying nitrogen 10 g·plant^(-1)).CK without N application was used as a control in a randomised block design,while it was sampled for the determination of relevant indexes.The results showed that compared with the CK,all the N application treatments increased the plant height.Under N3 treatment,the yield of tomato reached the maximum at different ear and fruit stages,which increased by 48.47%,30.00%,125.66%and 46.41%,respectively,compared with CK.Nitrogen application also significantly increased total acid,soluble sugar,soluble solids and vitamin C content in tomato,but suppressed lycopene content.However,after the amount of nitrogen fertilizer reached a certain level,the increase of tomato-related indexes gradually decreased,and even decreased.Therefore,proper nitrogen application can promote the growth and development of tomato,while excessive nitrogen application will lead to excessive vegetative growth of tomato,inhibit plant reproductive growth and reduce tomato yield,among which N3(nitrogen application of 7.5 g·plant^(-1))is the best treatment.

关 键 词：番茄 无土盆栽 氮肥 枸杞枝条基质 生长 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]