农业生产托管何以促进农村女性非农就业  

How Does Agricultural Production Trusteeship Promote Rural Women's Non-farm Employment?

作　　者：张仁慧 张瑜[1] 赵凯[1] 王志彬[1] ZHANG Renhui;ZHANG Yu;ZHAO Kai;WANG Zhibin

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2024年第6期20-40,共21页China Rural Survey

基　　金：西北农林科技大学旱区农业战略研究项目“干旱半干旱地区肉羊产业高质量发展实现路径研究”(编号:2452024123);国家社会科学基金西部项目“基于新型农村集体经济发展的西部农地股份化动态调整机制研究”(编号:22XJY027);陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟软科学项目“陕西粮食安全背景下榆林沙漠变农田的实现路径研究”(编号:LMR202202)的资助。

摘　　要：农业生产托管有助于将农村女性从农业生产约束中释放出来,为其非农就业创造有利条件。本文利用黄河流域中上游2047份农村女性样本展开实证分析,考察农业生产托管对农村女性非农就业的影响。本文研究发现:农业生产托管对农村女性非农就业具有显著的促进作用,与未采纳农业生产托管服务的农村女性相比,采纳农业生产托管服务不仅显著提高农村女性非农就业的概率,还能显著增加其非农就业时长。从对非农就业选择和市场回报的影响看,农业生产托管促使女性劳动力兼业转移并推动其外出务工,同时显著提高其非农就业收入。机制分析表明,农业生产托管通过发挥时间释放效应促进农村女性非农就业。异质性分析表明,农业生产托管能对家庭收入水平偏低、抚幼负担较轻、赡养负担较重和种植粮食作物的农村女性发挥更强的非农就业促进效应。进一步分析证实,农业生产托管的非农就业促进效应存在显著的性别差异,与男性劳动力相比,农业生产托管对农村女性非农就业的促进作用更强。本文研究为加快农业生产托管服务发展和促进农村女性非农就业提供了政策启示。Agricultural production trusteeship helps release rural women from agricultural production constraints and create favorable conditions for their non-farm employment.This paper empirically analyzes the impact of agricultural production trusteeship on rural women's non-farm employment using data from a sample of 2047 female labors in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin.The study finds that agricultural production trusteeship has a significant promotion effect on rural women's non-farm employment.Compared with rural women who do not adopt agricultural production trusteeship services,adopting agricultural production trusteeship services not only significantly increases the probability of rural women's participation in non-farm employment,but also significantly increases their non-farm employment time.In terms of non-farm employment choices and market returns,agricultural production trusteeship promotes the part-time transfer of rural women's labor and facilitates them to go out to work,and significantly increases their non-farm employment income.Mechanism analysis shows that agricultural production trusteeship stimulates rural women's non-farm employment by exerting a time-release effect.Heterogeneity analysis shows that agricultural production trusteeship plays a stronger role in promoting non-farm employment for rural women who have a lower level of household income,a lighter burden of child care,a heavier burden of supporting the elderly,and who grow grain crops.Further analysis confirms that there are significant gender differences in the non-farm employment promotion effect of agricultural production trusteeship.Agricultural production trusteeship has a stronger non-farm employment promotion effect on rural women compared to male laborers.This paper provides policy implications for accelerating the development of agricultural production hosting services and enhancing rural women's non-farm labor participation.

关 键 词：农业生产托管 女性劳动力 非农就业 黄河流域 

分 类 号：F325.2[经济管理—产业经济]