流变的“家计”:县域农民“家庭城镇化”的日常呈现  

“Householding”in Flux:The Daily Presentation of Farmers“Family Urbanization”in Counties

作　　者：胡静凝 HU Jingning

机构地区：[1]郑州大学政治与公共管理学院

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2024年第6期41-58,共18页China Rural Survey

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“家庭流变与县域城镇化的微观机制研究”(编号:24CSH061)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着县域经济发展和城市建设日益完善,农民家庭向县城迁居已成为一种普遍的社会事实。本文基于对河南省罗山县的田野调查,以“家计”为切入点,从日常生活中透视农民“家庭城镇化”的实践形态与内在逻辑。本文研究发现:农民家庭在城乡迁移中不断经历时空变革,受经济动机驱使进入城市积累经济资本,又在家庭诉求主导下回流家乡县城。“家计”秩序呈现显著的“流变性”特征,以城乡迁移、代际协作、工农兼顾来满足农民家庭日益复杂的功能性需求,塑造一个跨越“城-县-乡”三域的家庭生产生活弹性模式。在县域城镇化背景下,进城农民家庭深度卷入县城社会系统,其“家计”逐步迈向现代化,呈现居住县城化、生计多样化、消费商品化和教养精细化等多元复杂的生活样态。“家庭城镇化”是家庭作为一个有机整体融入县城、迈向现代化的过程。这种以家庭为单元的自主城镇化实践蕴含着独特的生活理性,即根据进城农民家庭自身的资源禀赋和发展需要,灵活调整家庭形态与资源分配,策略性安排家庭生产与再生产行动,积极应对城镇化带来的生活变化和社会风险叠加。With the economic and social development of counties and the continuous improvement of urban construction,the migration of rural families to county towns has become a common social fact.Based on a field investigation in Luoshan County,Henan Province,this paper takes"householding"'as the focal point and explores the practical forms and intrinsic logic of"family urbanization"of farmers from the perspective of daily life.The study finds that farmer families are constantly undergoing spatiotemporal changes during urban-rural migration.Driven by economic motives,they enter cities to accumulate economic capital and then return to their hometown counties under the guidance of family needs.The order of"householding"presents significant flux characteristics,meeting the increasingly complex functional needs of farmers'families through urban-rural mobility,intergenerational cooperation,and balancing work and agriculture.This has shaped a flexible family production and living model that spans across the three domains of"city-county-town"In the context of county urbanization,farmer families are deeply integrated into the county's social system,and"householding"is gradually transitioning towards urbanization.They exhibit a diverse and complex lifestyle,including the urbanization of residence,diversification of livelihoods,refined upbringing,and commodification of consumption.Family urbanization"is the process of families integrating into the county as an organic whole and moving towards modermization.This practice of independent urbanization,based on the family unit,embodies unique"life rationality',which allows families to flexibly adjust their forms and resource distribution according to their resource endowments and development needs.Families also strategically organize their production and reproduction activities and actively adapt to the life changes and the superposition of social risks brought about by urbanization.

关 键 词：家庭城镇化 家计 家庭再生产 现代化转型 日常生活 

分 类 号：F299.27[经济管理—国民经济] C924.2[社会学—人口学]