权变型乡土社会网络与乡村产业集聚发展锁定——基于福建省白沙村紫菜产业“农贸模式”的案例研究  

Contingent Indigenous Social Networks and the Lock-in of Rural Cluster Industries Development:A Case Study of the"Agricultural Trade Model"of Seaweed Industry in Baisha Village,Fujian Province

作　　者：林雪霏[1] 陈昭霖 郑慧玲 LIN Xuefei;CHEN Zhaolin;ZHENG Huiling

机构地区：[1]厦门大学公共事务学院 [2]中国人民大学国际关系学院 [3]中共开化县委组织部

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2024年第6期79-97,共19页China Rural Survey

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“社会组织推动共同富裕的体制机制与政策体系研究”(编号:21&ZD161)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：乡村产业集聚是小农户在对接大市场过程中自发形成的社会经济形态,也是发展乡村特色产业的重要基础。本文采用单案例研究方法,分析福建省白沙村紫菜产业以农贸市场为主要销售渠道的低端经营样态,探讨乡土社会网络与乡村产业集聚发展锁定之间的关联。乡土社会在产业空间与村庄空间高度重合之下,衍生出区别于开放型和封闭型网络结构、具有过渡形态特征的权变型乡土社会网络。首先,这种社会网络一头对接市场,一头扎根乡村,以特有的家户理性为出发点,在农户平衡安全逻辑和利润逻辑的基础上持续锚定农贸模式的产业初始发展方向;其次,乡土社会网络中强弱关系的转变降低了农贸模式的经营成本,强化了这种模式的经营路径;最后,基于地理集聚和人情联系的网络联结为这种模式提供了信息融通、稳定可控的集群环境和排斥创新的合法化舆论。在市场经济冲击下自然生成的权变型乡土社会网络全方位维系乡村产业集聚的低水平锁定状态。因此,推动乡村产业由集聚向集群转型升级,根本在于优化乡土社会网络,包括支持具有企业家精神的经营者和开展组织化合作等。Rural industrial agglomeration is a socio-economic form spontaneously formed by smallholder farmers in the process of connecting with large markets,and it serves as an important foundation for the development of rural characteristic industries.This paper employs a single-case study method to analyze the sow-end operational pattem of the seaweed industry in Baisha Village,Fujian Province,with farmers'agricultural trade markets as the main sales channel,and explores the relationship between local social networks and the lock-in of rural industrial agglomeration development.Under the high overlap between the industrial space and village space,the rural society gives rise to a contingent rural social network characterized by transitional forms,which is distinct from open and closed network structures.First,this social network connects with the market on one end while being rooted in the village on the other,starting from the unique household rationality,and continuing to anchor the initial industrial development direction of the agricultural trade model based on the balance of security logic and profit logic among farmers.Second,the transformation of the relationship between strong and weak ties in the rural social network reduces the operating costs of the agricultural trade model,thereby reinforcing its operational pathways.Third,the network connections based on geographical agglomeration and personal relationships provide information flow,a stable and controllable cluster environment,and the legitimization of opinions that exclude innovation for this model.The contingently generated rural social network,formed naturally under the impact of the market economy,maintains the low-level lock-in state of rural industrial agglomeration in an all-encompassing manner.Therefore,promoting the transformation and upgrading of rural industries from agglomeration to clustering fundamentally relies on optimizing the rural social network,including supporting entrepreneurial operators and facilitating organized cooperation.

关 键 词：乡土社会网络 乡村产业集聚 农贸市场 发展锁定 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济] C912.3[社会学]