两种概括故意概念的区分与适用——以《刑事审判参考》第1243号指导案例为切入点  

The Distinction between and Application of Two Types of General Intent-Taking Guiding Case No.1243 of the Reference to Criminal Trial as the Starting Point

作　　者：汪雪城 Wang Xuecheng

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2024年第6期83-99,共17页Global Law Review

基　　金：2023年度中央高校基本科研业务费项目“刑民交叉视野下合同诈骗罪的教义学重塑”(QNMS202312)的研究成果。

摘　　要：刑法中有两种不同内涵的概括故意易被混淆:一种是作为不确定故意类型的概括故意,另一种是作为连续犯主观要件的概括故意。前者指对危害结果如何发生的概括认识,是“一行为”对应的“一故意”形态,适用于主观罪过领域,用来解决犯罪故意的成立范围问题,如涉及数罪则按照想象竞合犯处理;后者指对危害行为连续内容的概括认识,是“数行为”对应的“数故意”形态,适用于罪数领域,用来解决连续犯的成立范围问题,在罪数认定上按照处断的一罪处理。具体适用时,不确定概括故意可重点解决法定性质、罪量程度的认识不明问题,并以“知道可能性”标准划定归责界限;连续犯概括故意可用于解决网络连续犯罪问题,并对实践中按一罪处断并累计罪量的做法给予理论支撑。当行为人对危害行为连续内容及(每次行为对应的)危害结果如何发生处于双重概括认识状态时,可以重叠适用两种概括故意解决刑事归责问题。General intent in China can be divided into three different types according to connotations:namely,general intent as a type of uncertain intent,general intent as the subjec-tive element of successive offenses,and Weber's general intent.The first two kinds of general intent can be easily confused with each other in criminal law theory research and judicial prac-tice and thus need to be accurately distinguished from each other.General intent as a type of uncertain intent is a form of"one intention"corresponding to"one act"',and focuses on solving the problem of unclear understanding of the legal nature and the degree of quantitative elements of crime,as well as delimiting the boundaries of criminal responsibilities in accordance with the standard of"the possibility of knowing the results caused".That is,if the perpetrator knows that a certain act will possibly lead to a harmful result but still carries out such an act,the cor-responding result will be deemed to fall within the scope of the perpetrator's general cognition,and an intentional crime can be established in such cases.On the other hand,if the perpetrator doesn't even realize the possibility of harmful results,such results will be treated as a misun-derstanding of fact.General intent as the subjective element of successive offenses is the form of‘multiple intentions"corresponding to"multiple acts",and can be used to solve the problem of uncertainty over the perpetrator's continuous intent by defining the scope of continuous intent according to the perpetrator's purpose,motivation,as well as understanding of the means,the time,the place,and other elements.Especially in the case of continuously committing crimes through the internet,the perpetrator usually only has a general understanding of the continuous content of his harmful behavior,which is a typical general intent of successive offenses.In such a case,any successive criminal behavior that falls within the overall criminal intent of the per-petrator can be evaluated as a successive offense and punish

关 键 词：不确定故意 概括故意 连续犯 明知 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]