行贿罪从重处罚情节的规范适用——兼论个罪从重处罚情节的功能定位  

Standardized Application of Aggravating Circumstances to Bribery Crimes:Also on the Functional Orientation of Aggravating Circumstances in Individual Crimes

作　　者：姜涛 Jiang Tao

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2024年第6期117-133,共17页Global Law Review

摘　　要：《刑法修正案(十二)》对行贿罪增加了七种从重处罚情节,以加大对行贿罪的惩治力度。如果将七种从重处罚情节理解为量刑情节,会造成《贪贿案件解释》与《刑法修正案(十二)》之间的司法适用冲突。刑法总则中的从重处罚是指在法定刑限度内选择较重刑罚或较长刑期,而刑法分则中的个罪从重处罚情节,不仅是确定个罪之犯罪构成的补充性标准,而且是确定个罪的法定刑幅度后选择较重刑罚或较长刑期的依据,两者不能等同视之。在定罪层面,在基本型犯罪构成不充足的情况下,从重处罚情节应当作为补充型构成要件;在基本型犯罪构成充足的情况下,从重处罚情节应当作为加重型构成要件。在量刑层面,在基本型犯罪构成或加重型犯罪构成充足的情况下,从重处罚情节属于量刑规则。立足于禁止重复评价原则,从重处罚情节在同一案件中不能既作为构成要件,又作为量刑规则。The 12th Amendment to the Chinese Criminal Law provides for seven addi-tional aggravating circumstances of bribery to increase the punishment for the crime.Under-standing these aggravating circumstances as a purely sentencing circumstance will result in con-flicts of judicial application between related judicial interpretations and the 12th Amendment to the Criminal Law.There are many provisions on aggravated punishment in Criminal Law.The aggravated punishment in the General Provisions refers to choosing a heavier punishment or lon-ger sentence within the statutory limit of punishment.The aggravated circumstances in the Spe-cial Provisions are not only supplementary standards for determining the criminal composition of individual crimes but also the basis for choosing a heavier punishment or longer sentence after determining the statutory range of punishment for individual crimes.At the level of conviction,in cases where the basic criminal elements are insufficient,aggravating circumstances should be considered supplementary elements.In cases where the basic criminal elements are sufficient,aggravating circumstances should be considered additional aggravating elements.At the level of sentence,in cases where the basic or aggravated criminal elements are sufficient,aggravating circumstances belong to the sentencing rules.The key to the fight against bribery crimes lies in the strictness of the criminal law network.As for the crime of offering bribes,in cases where an individual crime referred to in the standard of charges does not sufficiently constitute an aggrava-ted crime,whether the legal interests infringed upon by the behavior meet the type and degree required for aggravated crimes of individual crimes should be evaluated based on the aggravating circumstances stipulated in the Criminal Law,so as to avoid deficiency in the identification of serious crimes.In cases where the basic or aggravated criminal elements of individual crimes re-ferred to in the charge standard are sufficient,the aggravating circumstan

关 键 词：行贿罪 从重处罚情节 定罪情节 犯罪构成 重复评价原则 

分 类 号：D924.392[政治法律—刑法学]