地缘政治的回归?——阵营化路径下的非传统安全合作  

The Return of Geopolitics?Strategic Non-Traditional Security Cooperation Under the Bloc-Oriented Path

作　　者：贺嘉洁[1] He Jiajie(the School of International Relations and Public Affairs,Fudan University)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院,上海200433

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2024年第11期60-85,158,159,共28页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“中美在东南亚非传统安全问题上的竞争与中国的对策研究”(项目批准号:21CGJ032)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近年来,随着美国加速推进对华战略竞争,中美两国在东南亚地区的博弈已经从宏观层面扩展到了非传统安全领域。美国在一些非传统安全议题上提出了与东南亚国家加强合作的倡议。这些倡议不仅排除了中国的参与,还体现出一定的阵营化色彩。非传统安全合作问题通常被视为治理问题,但其日益显现战略属性并成为大国战略博弈的重要内容,是因为同时受特定议题自身特点与宏观地缘政治环境两方面因素的影响。非传统安全合作的阵营化主要通过两种机制实现:一是资源投射,即大国通过介入地区的非传统安全合作向地区投射力量和影响力;二是楔子战略,即大国拉拢地区国家以排斥和孤立竞争对手,进而破坏对手与地区国家间既有的合作网络。透过分析近年来美国与东南亚国家的海洋安全合作,可以发现一方面美国通过提供军民两用的公共产品和有选择地帮助东南亚国家进行能力建设来护持自身在地区的霸权;另一方面美国着力构建起排他的合作网络“竞赢”现有合作倡议,并动用社会性力量塑造“中国威胁”,意图分化中国与地区国家的关系、消解地区国家对冲美国的意愿。In recent years,as the United States accelerates its strategic competition with China,the contest between China and the US in Southeast Asia has expanded from the macro level to the realm of non-traditional security.On various non-traditional security issues,the US has proposed initiatives to strengthen cooperation with Southeast Asian countries.These initiatives not only exclude China's participation but also reflect certain bloc-oriented tendencies.Non-traditional security cooperation issues are typically seen as governance matters.However,they have increasingly taken on strategic significance and become a key aspect of great power competition due to two factors:The characteristics of the specific issues themselves and the broader geopolitical environment.The bloc-oriented nature of nontraditional security cooperation is primarily realized through two mechanisms:First,resource projection,where great powers actively project their power and influence in the region by engaging in non-traditional security cooperation;second,wedge-driving,in which great powers align with regional countries to exclude and isolate competitors,thereby driving a wedge into the existing cooperation networks between the competitors and regional countries.Through an analysis of recent maritime security cooperation between the US and Southeast Asian countries,it is evident that the US,on the one hand,maintains its regional hegemony by providing dual-use public goods and selectively helping Southeast Asian countries build capacity.On the other hand,it constructs exclusive cooperation networks to outcompete China's cooperation initiatives and employs social forces to shape the“China threat”,aiming to divide China from regional countries and diminish their willingness to balance against the US.

关 键 词：非传统安全合作 美国对华战略竞争 阵营化 海洋安全 污名化 

分 类 号：D815.5[政治法律—国际关系]