“正义的环境”还是“正义的条件”?——休谟与罗尔斯的“正义的环境”理论辨析  

Circumstances of Justice or Conditions of Justice:Similarity and Difference in Hume’s and Rawls’s Theory

作　　者：刘冠男 LIU Guan-nan(School of International Studies,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院,北京100081

出　　处：《阴山学刊》2024年第6期62-68,共7页Yinshan Academic Journal

摘　　要：休谟与罗尔斯的“正义的环境”理论具有思想史上的承继关系和相似性。罗尔斯的“相互冷淡”对应于休谟的“有限慷慨”,“中等匮乏”与心智能力相似对应于休谟的“有限匮乏”和力量平等。但他们的理论又具有相当大的差异性。“正义的环境”是休谟对正义起源的一种历史可能性的描绘。罗尔斯的“正义的环境”是处于“原初状态”中的各方所悉知的公共知识,也是作为假想契约背景条件的“原初状态”中必要的条件设置,通过这样的理论设置,罗尔斯试图证明订约各方能够得出共识性结果。Hume’s and Rawls’s theory of“Circumstances of Justice”have inherited relations and similarities in the history of political thought.Rawls’s“mutual interest”corresponds to Hume’s“confined generosity”,and“moderate scarcity”and equality of capacity corresponds to Hume’s“limited scarcity”and equality of strength.Meanwhile their theories are quite different.“Circumstances of Justice”is Hume’s description of a historical possibility of the origin of justice.Rawls’s“Circumstances of Justice”is public knowledge known by the parties in the original position,and it is also the necessary condition in the original position as the background condition of the hypothetical contract.Through this theoretical setting,Rawls tries to prove that the parties can reach consensus.

关 键 词：休谟 罗尔斯 “正义的环境” 正义的起源 正义的条件 假想契约 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]