高等教育科类结构与产业结构耦合的国际比较  

The Coupling of the Disciplinary Structure and the Industrial Structure in Higher Education:An International Comparison

作　　者：商润泽 刘宝存[2] Shang Runze;Liu Baocun(Department of Educational Administration and Policy,the Chinese University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong,China 999077;Institute of International and Comparative Education(Key Research Institute in University),Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]香港中文大学教育行政与政策系,中国香港999077 [2]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地北京师范大学国际与比较教育研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《教育研究》2024年第11期39-50,共12页Educational Research

基　　金：2023年度北京市社会科学基金重点项目“国际大都市教育发展战略与发展水平比较研究”(编号:23JYA001)的研究成果。

摘　　要：高等教育科类结构与产业结构的耦合关系对国家实现经济的发展与跃迁具有重要意义。然而,当下我国高等教育的规模扩张对高等学校学生专业分布的科类结构与市场需求的匹配问题整体性关注不足。在国际比较视野下,概览高等教育科类结构与产业结构耦合的全球水平及我国所处的国际方位,可以启发本土实践。基于国际规模数据,运用耦合协调度模型实证考察世界主要国家高等教育科类结构与产业结构的耦合图景。研究发现,高等教育科类结构与产业结构呈现交互协变的耦合关系;世界主要国家高等教育科类结构与产业结构耦合以经济发展阶段为基准形成分异,且高等教育科类结构之于产业结构的领先发展是一国经济实现跃迁发展的重要推力;全球范围内,我国高等教育科类结构与产业结构耦合已超越中等收入国家水平,趋近于高收入国家现况。因此,我国应充分发挥科类结构与产业结构耦合对产教融合发展的指挥棒作用;着眼于科类结构调整,适度超前布局,提升高等学校学科专业设置的前瞻性;保持工科类专业稳定发展,以交叉学科范式重构强化其他科类专业建设。The coupling of the disciplinary structure with the industrial structure in higher education is of great significance to China's economic development.However,China's higher education,which has expanded student enrollment,lacks overall attention to the match between the disciplinary structure and market demands.From the perspective of international comparison,it helps to enlighten native practice in China to review the global coupling of the disciplinary structure with the industrial structure in higher education,plus China's international position in higher education.Based on the international data on higher education,this study uses the coupling coordination degree model to make an empirical survey of the coupling of the disciplinary structure with the industrial structure in higher education across major countries in the world.The findings reveal the following:The disciplinary structure is interactively coupled with the industrial structure in higher education;the coupling of the disciplinary structure with the industrial structure in higher education across major countries in the world varies in different stages of economic development,and the disciplinary structure develops ahead of the industrial structure,which is an important thrust for a country's economic transition and development;and China has exceeded middle-income countries and even some high-income countries in the coupling of the disciplinary structure with the industrial structure in higher education.Therefore,China needs to play a leading role in the promotion of the integration of industries and education through the coupling of the disciplinary structure with the industrial structure;focus on the adjustment of the disciplinary structure,and design a moderately advanced layout and forward-looking disciplines;and maintain the steady development of engineering,and strengthen the construction of other disciplines by restructuring interdisciplinary paradigms.

关 键 词：高等教育科类结构 产业结构 耦合 学科结构调整 高质量发展 

分 类 号：F121.3[经济管理—世界经济] G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学]