央地关系视阈下中世纪英格兰市长选任  

A Study of Mayoral Selection in Medieval England from the Perspective of Central-Local Relations

作　　者：姜启舟 Jiang Qizhou

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学欧洲文明研究院

出　　处：《历史研究》2024年第8期138-163,M0006,M0007,共28页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“中世纪英国城市不动产档案文献整理与研究(1066-1540)”(22CSS022);天津市哲学社会科学规划项目“中世纪英国市民准入制度研究”(TJSL21-002)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自13世纪以降,市长制在中世纪英格兰特权城市中普遍确立。地方社会选举与中央王权任命相结合成为市长产生的基本方式,围绕市长职位与人选的央地矛盾亦相伴而生,市长选任由此成为中世纪英格兰央地关系的重要内容。在市长选任过程中,利益斗争充斥于地方社会,王权则以灵活多样的方式和手段介入其中并加以管制。在市长选任机制下,市长既是“城市的人”,也是“国王的人”,在实际运作中较好应对了中央和地方的双重压力。市长选任作为国家治理的一种有效手段,平衡了地方自治与王国统一治理的内在张力,形成一种兼具合作与博弈、规制与弹性的央地关系。The mayoralty was widely established in the cities and boroughs in medieval England since the 13th century.The basic method for mayoral selection has been a combination of local election and royal appointment,leading to conflicts between central and local powers,regarding the position and candidates for the mayors.Thus mayoral selection became an important content of central-local relations in medieval England.In the process of mayoral selection,to placate local interest conflicts,the crown intervened and controlled the results in flexible ways.The mayoral selection mechanism set the mayors in a dual role as city's or borough's men as well as king's men,and they responded to the dual pressure from the crown and local society successfully in practice.As an effective means of state governance,the mayoral selection mechanism balanced the internal tension between local autonomy and centralized governance,building a type of central-local relations that combined cooperation and game,regulation and flexibility.

关 键 词：市长选任 央地关系 国家治理 中世纪 英格兰 

分 类 号：D756.1[政治法律—政治学] K561.3[政治法律—中外政治制度]