晚清海关海防专款数据新考——兼论计量史学应如何计量  

A New Study on the Statistics of the Special Coastal Defense Funds of the Customs in the Late Qing Dynasty--A Discussion on How the Cliometrics Should be Conducted

作　　者：陈先松 Chen Xiansong

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学人文学院

出　　处：《历史研究》2024年第8期164-187,M0007,共25页Historical Research

摘　　要：汤象龙《中国近代海关税收和分配统计:1861-1910》被誉为中国近代经济史领域最重要、最经典的基础性工具书,但其对海防专款的统计并不完全可靠,甚至出现不少误差。误差产生根源在于汤著大多只根据海关税奏销资料中各财政名目的字面义进行归类,导致统计的海防专款数据中混入其他财政款项或出现遗漏。在经济史学领域运用计量史学法时,学者不仅应在主观上充分意识到历史数据的复杂性及其与历史真实可能存在的距离,更应加强对历史数据背后史实的考证,如此才能最大程度地循名求实,复原历史数据的本来面貌,避免统计误差。Tang Xianglong's Statistics of Customs Revenues and Their Distribution in ModernChina:1861-1910(《中国近代海关税收和分配统计:1861-1910》)has been hailed as the most essential and classic reference book for the study of modern Chinese economic history.The statistics provided in this book on the special coastal defense funds,however,are not completely reliable,even to the point of containing lots of errors.The root of Tang's errors lies in his classification of the fiscal items in the customs duty lists on their literal meaning,which led to mixing or omission.When applying cliometrics to the field of economic history,academics should not only be fully aware of the complexity of historical data and its possible gap from the truth,but also strengthen the empirical studies on the facts behind historical data.Only in this way,can we“ensure historical facts under fiscal items”to the greatest extent and restore the original version of historical data to avoid statistical errors.

关 键 词：海关税 海防专款 汤象龙 计量史学 循名求实 

分 类 号：F752.59[经济管理—国际贸易] K252[经济管理—产业经济]