俄罗斯对哈马斯实施接触政策的动因与限度  

Motivations and Limitations of Russia’s Policy of Engagement with Hamas

作　　者：赵玉明[1] Zhao Yuming

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2024年第6期69-86,157,158,共20页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：中国社会科学院智库基础研究项目“俄乌冲突背景下俄外交新动向”的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：2006年俄罗斯主动与哈马斯建立官方联系,之后双方长期保持接触。俄罗斯对哈马斯接触政策的驱动力,可以从三重视角予以考察。从大国外交的视角看,俄罗斯坚持以哈马斯问题为议题,迫使西方与其在联合国、中东问题有关四方等框架下展开大国协调。乌克兰危机全面升级之后,俄罗斯与西方在哈马斯问题上的大国协调让位于大国博弈和大国对抗。从地区战略的视角看,俄罗斯力求保持在接触哈马斯时持中立立场,以此为手段争取在巴勒斯坦问题和巴以问题上掌握话语权,并把与哈马斯的接触作为与以色列交往时的话题及密切与地区国家关系的载体。从国内安全治理视角来看,俄罗斯对哈马斯的接触政策受到国内安全政策的影响。在乌克兰危机长期化背景下,俄罗斯与哈马斯相互看重对方的战略价值,也有意向保持和加强接触。但哈马斯问题不是俄罗斯在中东地区的核心利益,该组织只是俄罗斯交往的巴勒斯坦多个组织之一,因此俄罗斯对哈马斯的接触政策有其限度。In 2006,Russia took the initiative to establish official ties with Hamas,and the two sides have maintained long-term contact.The driving force of Russia’s engagement policy towards Hamas can be examined from three perspectives.From the perspective of great power diplomacy,Russia insists on engaging with Hamas as a topic,forcing the West to coordinate with it under the framework of the United West Asia and Africa,No.6,December 2024 Nations and the Quartet.After the outbreak of the Ukrainian crisis,the coordination between Russia and the West on the issue of Hamas has given way to great power games and great power confrontation.From the perspective of regional strategy,Russia strives to maintain a neutral position on contact with Hamas as one of means to gain a voice on the Palestinian issue and the Palestinian-Israeli issue,and takes contact with Hamas as a topic in its dealings with Israel,as well as a carrier of close relations with regional countries.From the perspective of domestic politics,the driving force of Russia’s policy towards Hamas mainly comes from domestic security policy and national policy towards Muslim groups.In the context of the long-term conflict between Russia and Ukraine,Russia and Hamas value each other’s strategic value and are also interested in maintaining and strengthening contact.However,Hamas is not the core interest of Russia in the Middle East.It is only one of the Palestinian organizations that Russia interacts with,and other countries or organizations are also engaging and even cooperating with Hamas.Therefore,Russia’s engagement policy towards Hamas has its limitations.

关 键 词：俄罗斯外交 巴勒斯坦问题 哈马斯 接触政策 新一轮巴以冲突 

分 类 号：D851.2[政治法律—政治学] D815.4[政治法律—外交学]