“意志缰绳”紧束下的被胁迫参加犯罪  

Being Coerced into Committing Crime under the Bounding of"Volition Reins"

作　　者：刘军 LIU Jun(Shanghai University of Political Science and Law,School of Criminal Justice,Shanghai 201701,Chi-na)

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院刑事司法学院,上海201701

出　　处：《法学论坛》2024年第6期63-76,共14页Legal Forum

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“预防性犯罪治理模式研究”(22BFX042)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：被胁迫参加犯罪人由于存在“意志缰绳”而非自愿地从事犯罪行为,但仍然造成了法益侵害或危险。被胁迫参加犯罪在我国司法实践中的适用比较有限,通常按照我国《刑法》第28条规定的胁从犯定罪处刑。行为终究是意志的外化而不是中立客观的存在,是否意志自由之下所做决定将直接影响构成要件、违法性和有责性的判断。被胁迫参加犯罪的出罪事由主要在于意志表现和受压制的程度,“犯意比例”成为判断罪责有无和大小的决定性因素。存在令一般人屈服的重大胁迫而从事犯罪,除了故意杀人、重大伤害、抢劫等严重危及人身安全、严重危害公共安全以及严重危害国家安全的犯罪之外,可以构成被胁迫参加犯罪。需要更加注重犯罪意图在犯罪论体系中的位置以及对于刑罚适用的影响,以犯意为核心评估行为人的“法敌对意思”并作为再犯危险性和刑罚必要性的主要内容,以更加恰当地适用刑罚。Due to the presence of"Volition Reins",the person who was coerced to participate in criminal activities engaged in criminal behavior involuntarily yet still causing harm or danger to legal interests.The application of criminal defence of duress is relatively limited in judicial practice in our country,usually resulting in conviction and punishment under Article 28 of Criminal Law of China for being an"Accomplice under Duress".Actions are manifestation of one's will after all rather than neutral objective existence,and decisions made under free will directly affect the judgment of constitutive requirements,illegality,and culpability.The main reasons for considering duress as grounds for exemption from criminal liability lie in the expression of one's will and the degree of suppression faced."Proportionality of Volition"becomes a decisive factor determining whether there is guilty and its severity.Engaging in crime under significant coercion that would make an ordinary person succumb could constitute being coerced to participate in crime,apart from crimes such as intentional homicide,serious bodily injury,robbery that seriously endanger personal safety or public security,as well as crimes that seriously jeopardize national security.It is necessary to pay more attention to the position of criminal intent within the framework of criminal theory and its impact on the application of penalties,evaluate"Intention against Law"using mens rea as main content and consider it as a major aspect when assessing recidivism risk and necessity for punishment,thus applying penalties more appropriately.

关 键 词：胁从犯 犯罪意志 意志缰绳 犯罪论体系 

分 类 号：D916[政治法律—法学]