九种药剂对沙漠蝗的室内药效评价  

Evaluation of indoor efficacy of nine pesticides on desert locust Schistocerca gregaria

作　　者：张希圣 Allan Mweke 冯士骞 John Huria Nderitu 涂雄兵[1] Zhang Xisheng;Allan Mweke;Feng Shiqian;John Huria Nderitu;Tu Xiongbing(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Mount Kenya University,Thika 342-01000,Kenya)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室,北京100193 [2]肯尼亚山大学,锡卡342-01000

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2024年第5期1234-1239,共6页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作重点项目(2021YFE0194800)。

摘　　要：为筛选针对重大农业跨境迁飞害虫沙漠蝗Schistocerca gregaria不同生长阶段的防治药剂,于室内条件下测定马拉硫磷、高效氯氰菊酯、毒死蜱和溴氰菊酯4种化学农药,印楝素和天然除虫菊酯2种植物源农药以及金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae、球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana和蝗绿僵菌Metarhizium acridum 3种生物农药对沙漠蝗3龄和5龄若虫的致死效果。结果显示:马拉硫磷、高效氯氰菊酯、毒死蜱、溴氰菊酯和天然除虫菊酯处理3龄若虫5 d后的校正死亡率均高于85.0%,LT_(50)均小于4 d;其中,马拉硫磷、毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯对5龄若虫的室内致死效果显著,10 d后校正死亡率达85.0%以上,溴氰菊酯和天然除虫菊酯对5龄若虫的致死效果相较于3龄若虫显著下降,25 d后的校正死亡率分别为26.2%和13.8%;金龟子绿僵菌、球孢白僵菌和蝗绿僵菌以及植物源农药印楝素对3龄若虫的校正死亡率仅为6.7%~15.6%。表明马拉硫磷、毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯是用于沙漠蝗防治的高效防控药剂,可用于沙漠蝗的应急防控。To identify effective control agents for different growth stages of the desert locust Schistocer-ca gregaria,a major agricultural pest known for its cross-border migration,the lethal effects of four chemical pesticides(malathion,cypermethrin,chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin),two plant-derived pesti-cides(azadirachtin and natural pyrethrin)and three biological pesticides(Metarhizium anisopliae,Beau-veria bassiana and M.acridum)were evaluated against the 3rd and 5th instar nymphs under indoor con-ditions.The results showed that the corrected mortality rate of the 3rd instar nymphs after five days of treatment with malathion,cypermethrin,chlorpyrifos,deltamethrin and natural pyrethrin were higher than 85.0%,with LT_(50) values of less than four days.Among these,malathion,chlorpyrifos and cyperme-thrin demonstrated significant indoor lethality against 5th instar nymphs,with corrected mortality rate exceeding 85.0%after ten days.Compared with the 3rd instar nymphs,the lethal effects of deltamethrin and natural pyrethrin on the 5th instar nymphs were significantly lower,with corrected mortality rates of 26.2%and 13.8%,respectively,after 25 days.The corrected mortality rates for M.anisopliae,B.bassiana and M.acridum and the plant-derived pesticide azadirachtin on the 3rd instar nymphs were 6.7%-15.6%.The results indicate that malathion,chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin are highly effective control agents for desert locust control,which could be used for emergency prevention and control of desert locusts.

关 键 词：沙漠蝗 化学农药 植物源农药 生物农药 室内药效 

分 类 号：S433.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]