城市生活垃圾处理链耐药基因的流行状况及风险分析  

Prevalence and risk analysis of antibiotic resistance genes in municipal solid waste treatment chain

作　　者：张松[1] 郑志鹏 嵇文晖 张新年 马竞凯 苏应龙 谢冰[1] 武冬[1] ZHANG Song;ZHENG Zhipeng;JI Wenhui;ZHANG Xinnian;MA Jingkai;SU Yinglong;XIE Bing;WU Dong(Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste,School of Ecological and Environmental Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院,上海有机固废生物转化工程技术研究中心,上海200241

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2024年第11期1320-1327,共8页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.42377425,No.42117457);重庆市自然科学基金项目(No.CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0157);教育部“万人计划”(No.202411070036)。

摘　　要：目的了解上海市某城市生活垃圾处理链抗生素耐药基因(antibiotic resistance gene,ARGs)的时空分布、呼吸暴露风险及扩散预测,为保障城市生活垃圾处理链的公共卫生安全提供参考依据。方法对2021年12月至2023年1月期间在上海市某城市固体废物处理链采集的PM10(n=47)和相关环境样品(n=41)进行宏基因组测序分析。ARGs日均暴露剂量评估呼吸暴露风险并通过混合单粒子拉格朗日综合轨迹模型(hybrid single-particle lagrangian integrated trajectory model,HYSPLIT)预测气载ARGs的扩散情况。结果夏冬2季空气中检出较多的ARGs为多重耐药类(57.86%),如mexT;夏季空气中总ARGs亚型的相对丰度范围为(1.03±0.66)~(2.38±1.45)copies/m3之间,主要来源于餐厨垃圾(16.22%~46.62%);温度和压强分别是夏季(R2=0.81)和冬季(R2=0.83)空气中ARGs的主要影响因素;ARGs日均暴露剂量显示夏季时呼吸暴露风险[0.10 copies/(kg·d)]高于冬季[0.04 copies/(kg·d)],尤其是办公楼处较高;链球菌(Streptococcus)是夏季bacA等ARGs的潜在宿主;夏季气载ARGs的扩散范围(112.22 km^(2))大于冬季(82.71 km^(2))。结论夏季时气载ARGs的相对丰度及多样性高于冬季,且链球菌为ARGs的潜在宿主。办公楼处ARGs呼吸暴露风险最高,主要来源于原废弃物。夏季时ARGs的扩散范围及方向更易造成ARGs的风险传播。本研究为保障城市生活垃圾处理链的公共卫生安全提供数据支撑。Objective To understand the temporal and spatial distribution of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),respiratory exposure risks,and diffusion predictions within a municipal solid waste treatment chain in Shanghai,in order to provide a reference for ensuring the public health safety of the municipal solid waste treatment chain.Methods The PM10(n=47)and related environmental samples(n=41)collected from a municipal solid waste treatment chain in Shanghai from December 2021 to January 2023 were analyzed by metagenome sequencing.The average daily exposure dose of ARGs was used to assess respiratory exposure risk,and the diffusion of airborne ARGs was predicted by the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT)model.Results The most frequently ARGs detected in the air in summer and winter were multidrug-resistant types(57.86%),such as mexT.The relative abundance of total ARG subtypes in the air in summer ranged from 1.03±0.66 copies/m3 to 2.38±1.45 copies/m3,mainly originating from kitchen waste(16.22%-46.62%).Temperature and pressure were the main influencing factors of ARGs in the air in summer(R2=0.81)and winter(R2=0.83),respectively.The average daily exposure doses of ARGs showed a higher respiratory exposure risk in summer(0.10 copies/(kg·d))compared to winter(0.04 copies/(kg·d)),especially in office buildings.Streptococcus was a potential host of ARGs(bacA)in summer.The diffusion range of airborne ARGs was larger in summer(112.22 km^(2))than in winter(82.71 km^(2)).Conclusions Compared with winter,the relative abundance and diversity of airborne ARGs in summer were higher,with Streptococcus being the potential host of ARGs.The respiratory exposure risk in the office building was the highest,mainly originating from the original waste.The diffusion range and direction of ARGs pose a greater risk spread of ARGs.This study provides data support for ensuring the public health safety of municipal solid waste treatment chains.

关 键 词：抗生素耐药基因 城市生活垃圾处理链 生物气溶胶 溯源分析 呼吸暴露风险 

分 类 号：R446.5[医药卫生—诊断学]