青海省2023年札如病毒检测及全基因组测序结果分析  

Detection and whole-genome sequencing analysis of sapovirus in Qinghai Province in 2023

作　　者：唐志坚[1] 李崇亥 赵生仓 徐琼[1] 汪春翔[1] TANG Zhijian;LI Chonghai;ZHAO Shengcang;XU Qiong;WANG Chunxiang(Qinghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xining,Qinghai 810007,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省疾病预防控制中心,青海西宁810007

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2024年第11期1396-1399,共4页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.81960384)。

摘　　要：目的对青海省2023年5岁以下腹泻住院病例开展札如病毒监测,初步研究札如病毒阳性率和流行的基因型别,积累我省札如病毒感染的分子流行病学基础资料。方法2023年在青海省妇女儿童医院设立监测哨点,按《全国病毒性腹泻监测方案》(2021版)要求开展5岁以下腹泻住院患儿病毒性腹泻监测,采用荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(real-time PCR)方法检测病例样本,筛选阳性且CT值≤32的样本开展全基因组测序,对札如病毒的VP1基因测序结果进行系统发育树分析、同源性分析、平均遗传距离分析和氨基酸变异位点分析。结果青海省2023年札如病毒监测阳性率3.89%(7/180),VP1基因序列分析显示该株病毒共有6个氨基酸位点发生替换,与中国2013年(MK111629.1)、2014年(MK111630.1)、2015年(MH477433.1)、2016年(KX980412.1)分离株距离相近。该株病毒属于GⅠ.1基因型,是当前我国主要感染基因型。5株参考株之间的核苷酸同源性为93.71%~98.81%,氨基酸同源性为99.29%~99.82%,核苷酸平均遗传距离为0.012~0.067。结论研究发现青海省2023年札如病毒腹泻流行水平与多个省份2020—2023年报道相近。我省首次利用全基因测序方法鉴定札如病毒基因型,通过序列分析表明该株病毒(23-14)为我国流行的优势毒株。该研究为札如病毒感染的分子演化研究提供了序列参考,为今后对病毒性腹泻病原检测和札如病毒分子流行特征分析提供了参考依据。Objective To conduct surveillance on sapovirus among hospitalized children under five years old with diarrhea in Qinghai Province in 2023,to preliminarily study the positive rate and prevalent genotypes of sapovirus,and to accumulate molecular epidemiological data on sapovirus infections in the province.Methods A surveillance sentinel was established at the Qinghai Provincial Women and Children′s Hospital.According to the"National Viral Diarrhea Surveillance Program"(2021 edition),surveillance of viral diarrhea in hospitalized children under five with diarrhea was conducted.Fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to test patient samples,and whole-genome sequencing was performed on positive samples with a CT value≤32.Sequence analysis of the VP1 gene of sapovirus was conducted,including phylogenetic tree analysis,homology analysis,average genetic distance analysis,and amino acid variation site analysis.Results The positive rate of sapovirus surveillance in Qinghai Province in 2023 was 3.89%(7/180).The VP1 gene sequence analysis showed that the virus had 6 amino acid substitutions and was the closest to the isolates from China in 2013(MK111629.1),2014(MK111630.1),2015(MH477433.1),and 2016(KX980412.1).This virus belongs to the GⅠ.1 genotype,which is currently the predominant genotype currently infecting China.The nucleotide homology between the five reference strains was 93.71%-98.81%,and the amino acid homology was 99.29%-99.82%.The average nucleotide genetic distance was 0.012-0.067.Conclusions The study found that the epidemic level of sapovirus diarrhea in Qinghai Province in 2023 was similar to that reported in several provinces from 2020 to 2023.This is the first time that whole-genome sequencing has been used to identify the genotype of sapovirus in the province,and sequence analysis indicates that the virus strain(23-14)is the dominant strain prevalent in China.This research provides sequence references for molecular evolution studies of sapovirus infections and serves as a reference for future pathogen

关 键 词：札如病毒 病毒性腹泻 全基因测序 基因型 氨基酸突变 

分 类 号：R512.5[医药卫生—内科学] R446.5[医药卫生—临床医学]