湖南省2018-2023年肾综合征出血热流行病学特征  

Epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Hu'nan Province from 2018 to 2023

作　　者：陈生宝 戴志辉 湛志飞[1] 杨浩[1] 孙倩莱[1] 何方玲[1] 王娟 卜哲妮 王小磊 罗垲炜[1] CHEN Shengbao;DAI Zhihui;ZHAN Zhifei;YANG Hao;SUN Qianlai;HE Fangling;WANG Juan;BU Zheni;WANG Xiaolei;LUO Kaiwei(Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changsha,Hunan 410005,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省疾病预防控制中心,湖南省预防医学科学院,湖南长沙410053

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2024年第11期1400-1404,共5页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(No.2024JJ9472)。

摘　　要：目的分析湖南省2018—2023年肾综合征出血热(hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,HFRS)流行病学特征,为制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法描述湖南省HFRS病例的三间分布,采用χ^(2)检验分析室内、外宿主动物密度、不同年份宿主动物密度以及宿主动物带毒差异,采用Spearman相关分析人间HFRS发病率与宿主动物鼠密度及宿主动物标本阳性率的相关性。结果湖南省2018—2023年共报告HFRS 3079例,死亡10例,年平均发病率为0.75/10万,年平均死亡率为0.0024/10万。HFRS呈现出春季峰和冬季峰双峰分布,两个发病高峰报告病例数占总报告病例的67.39%。病例主要集中在长沙市、常德市和益阳市。男、女性别比为2.37∶1。发病集中于中老年人群,≥40岁病例占病例总数的79.44%,职业分布以农民为主。湖南省2018—2023年平均鼠密度为2.88%,室内鼠密度高于野外。不同年份鼠密度、不同年份宿主动物阳性率、不同生境阳性鼠种构成及病毒亚型差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=21.301,22.307,70.653,10.627,P<0.01),人间HFRS发病率与宿主动物标本阳性率之间呈正相关(r=0.39,P<0.05)。结论近年来湖南省HFRS发病率整体呈下降趋势,发病存在季节高峰且在农民群体中发病风险较高,今后应持续加强监测并在发病高峰季节来临前组织做好灭鼠等爱国卫生运动,降低疾病传播风险。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)in Hu′nan Province from 2018 to 2023,providing a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures in the future.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to describe the temporal,spatial,and population distributions of HFRS cases in Hunan Province.Host animal density between indoor and outdoor,host animal density,and virus-carrying status across different years were compared using the Chi-square test.Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between human HFRS incidence and host animal rodent density and specimen positivity rate.Results A total of 3079 cases of HFRS were reported in Hunan Province from 2018 to 2023,with 10 deaths.The average annual incidence rate was 0.75/100000,and the average annual mortality rate was 0.0024/100000.HFRS cases showed a bimodal distribution of spring and winter peaks,with cases reported during these peaks accounting for 67.39%of the total cases over six years.The cases were mainly concentrated in Changsha City,Changde City,and Yiyang City.In terms of population distribution,the maleto-female ratio was 2.37∶1,with cases predominantly occurring in the middle-aged and elderly populations,with cases over 40 years old accounting for 79.44%of the total number of cases.Farmers were the primary occupational group affected.The average rodent density in Hunan Province from 2018 to 2023 was 2.88%,with indoor rat density higher than outdoor density.There were statistically significant differences in rat density across different years(χ^(2)=21.301,P<0.01),in the positivity rate of host animals across different years(χ^(2)=22.307,P<0.01),and in the composition of positive rat species and virus subtypes across different habitats(χ^(2)=70.653,10.627,P<0.01).There was a correlation between the human HFRS incidence and the positivity rate of host animal specimens(r=0.39,P<0.05).Conclusions In recent years,the overall incidence rate of HFR

关 键 词：肾综合征出血热 宿主动物 鼠密度 湖南省 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学] R183.5[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]