巢湖十五里河不同河段沉积物微塑料分布特征  

Distribution Characteristics of Microplastics in Sediments in Different Reaches of Shiwuli River,Chaohu Lake

作　　者：陈勤凤 张秀娟[1] 黄浩轩 杨艳芳[1] CHEN Qin-feng;ZHANG Xiu-juan;HUANG Hao-xuan;YANG Yan-fang(School of Ecology and Environment,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241003,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学生态与环境学院,安徽芜湖241003

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2024年第11期2488-2498,共11页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41001369)。

摘　　要：微塑料作为新型污染物已引起社会和科学界广泛关注。为探究巢湖十五里河不同河段沉积物微塑料污染特征,通过光学显微镜挑选微塑料,并应用傅里叶红外光谱仪和扫描电镜及其配套能谱仪对微塑料成分和表面形貌特征进行分析。结果表明,十五里河沉积物微塑料污染程度处于中等偏下水平;从上游到下游,沉积物微塑料丰度总体上呈现先降低后升高趋势;中游和上游沉积物微塑料均以碎片和纤维状为主,0.5~3 mm粒径微塑料占比分别为85%和87%,下游碎片和薄膜状占比较大,且以0~0.5 mm粒径微塑料为主(56%),而0.5~3 mm粒径微塑料占比为43%;微塑料组分主要为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)和聚苯乙烯(PS),中上游沉积物微塑料中PET占比最高,而下游沉积物微塑料中4种组分占比较均匀;沉积物微塑料表面粗糙多孔有凸起,同时表层检测到Si、Fe、Ca、Al等元素的存在,其中纤维状微塑料表层破损最明显,形貌最多样,表面检测到金属元素种类也最多。各河段沉积物微塑料丰度、形态、粒径和组分基本上反映了不同河段水文条件和微塑料来源差异。研究结果为十五里河微塑料污染防治提供了基础资料和科学参考。As a new type of pollutant,microplastics have attracted serious concern and extensive research worldwide.To gain insights into the characteristics of microplastic pollution in sediments in Shiwuli River,microplastics were detected by optical microscope,and the composition and surface morphology of microplastics were analyzed by Fourier Infrared Spectrometer,Scanning Electron Microscope,and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy.The results showed that the pollution degree of microplastics in the sediments was below the medium level.From the upper to lower reach,the abundance of microplastics in sediments decreased first and then increased.The microplastics in the upper and middle reach sediments were mainly fragments and fiber shapes,and accounted for 85%and 87%of total microplastics in 0.5~3 mm size,respectively.However,in sediments in the lower reach,fragments and films were the main proportion shapes.Microplastics in 0~0.5 mm and 0.5~3 mm size accounted for 56%and 43%of total microplastics,respectively.The main microplastic components were polyethylene terephthalate(PET),polypropylene(PP),polyethylene(PE)and polystyrene(PS).PET was the most proportion of the four components in sediment microplastics from the upper and middle river reaches.These four components were shown to be more uniform in sediment microplastics in the lower river reach.The surface of sediment microplastic was rough,porous and convex,and Si,Fe,Ca,Al etc.were detected on the microplastic surface.Moreover,the fibrous microplastic surface showed the most serious breakage and diverse morphology,and more types of metal elements were detected on the fibrous microplastic surface.The abundance,morphology,particle size and components of microplastics in sediments in different river reaches basically reflected the hydrological conditions and pollution sources in different river reaches.These results provided basic data and scientific reference for the prevention and control of microplastics pollution in Shiwuli River.

关 键 词：微塑料 河流沉积物 河段 分布特征 十五里河 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]