企业社保缴费抑制了企业的就业吸纳能力吗?——基于上市公司数据的分析  

Does the Employer Social Insurance Contribution Suppress the Employment Absorption Capacity of Enterprises?——Analysis based on Data from Listed Companies

作　　者：朱统 马国旺[1] ZHU Tong;MA Guo-wang(School of Economics,Tianjin University of Finance and Economics,Tianjin 300222,China)

机构地区：[1]天津财经大学经济学院,天津300222

出　　处：《经济问题》2024年第12期107-116,共10页On Economic Problems

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学规划项目“改革开放40年天津民营经济发展历程及经验研究”(TJSSZX20-17)。

摘　　要：社保成本负担是指企业社保缴费在总劳动力成本中的占比;社保压力水平是指企业社保缴费在新增产值(利润)中的占比。运用上市公司数据,通过两阶段系统GMM估计发现,企业社保缴费上升导致准固定成本上升,企业降低劳动力需求,社保成本负担抑制企业的就业吸纳能力;企业社保缴费对企业利润的负向影响弱于其倒逼效应,追求长期规模增长最大化的企业短期内放弃了利润最大化目标,社保压力水平不构成抑制企业就业吸纳能力的因素。异质性分析显示,大部分企业是出于劳动力成本上升的现象制定降低劳动力需求的决策,而非由于企业社保缴费造成利润挤压的事实。研究结论为企业社保缴费征缴原则转变提供了理论与数据支撑。The cost burden of employer social security contribution refers to the proportion of employer social insurance contribution in the total labor cost.The pressure level of employer social insurance contribution refers to the proportion of employer social insurance contribution in new output value(profit).Using data from listed compa‐nies,a two-stage systematic GMM estimation finds that,the increase in employer social insurance contribution led to a rising in quasi fixed costs,which results in a decrease in labor demand for enterprises.The cost burden of employer social security contribution suppresses the employment absorption capacity of enterprises.The negative impact of employer social insurance contribution on profits is weaker than it’s forcing back,or companies which pur‐sue long-term growth maximization may abandon their profit maximization goals in short term,the pressure level of employer social insurance contribution does not inhibit the employment absorption capacity of enterprises.Het‐erogeneity analysis shows that most enterprises make decisions to reduce labor due to the phenomenon of rising labor costs,rather than the fact that employer social security contribution squeeze profits.The conclusion provides theoretical and data support for the transformation of the principle of employer social security contribution collection for enterprises.

关 键 词：企业社保缴费 就业吸纳能力 社保成本负担 社保压力水平 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济]