多学科视角下的周代砖瓦窑工艺技术与交流研究  

Multidisciplinary Study of the Crafting Techniques and Exchanges of Brick and Tile Kilns during the Zhou Dynasty

作　　者：李清临[1] 孙卓[1] LI Qinglin;SUN Zhuo(Wuhan,Hubei 430072)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《江汉考古》2024年第5期96-106,共11页Jianghan Archaeology

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金后期资助重点项目“中国古代砖瓦窑炉研究”(项目编号20FKGA001)资助。

摘　　要：本文综合运用考古学、陶瓷工艺学与统计学理论与方法,对周代砖瓦窑的工艺技术特点进行分析,进而探讨了该时期的砖瓦窑技术交流问题。研究发现,从竖穴窑发展到升焰式室形窑再到半倒焰窑,窑床面积逐渐增大,从而使得单窑产量逐渐提高,以适应市场对砖瓦材料需求增加的形势。在构筑技术方面,周代的升焰式室形窑还未形成统一的技术规范。相比之下,半倒焰窑的出现时间最晚,却更早地形成了相对统一的构筑技术规范,表明此类窑炉由于其结构上的进步性而在出现后得到了迅速推广。但与此同时,不同地区的半倒焰窑在类型和构筑技术上大都具有各自的特点,反映出这一时期区域间砖瓦窑技术交流的广泛性尚且有限。This paper employs archaeological,ceramic technology,and statistical theories and methods to analyze the technological characteristics of brick-and-tile kilns during the Zhou Dynasty.It further explores the issue of technological exchange in this period.The study reveals a progression from vertical shaft kilns to updraft chamber kilns and then to semi-down-draft kilns,with an increasing kiln floor area leading to higher output per kiln,thereby meeting the growing market demand for brick and tile materials.Regarding construction techniques,the updraft chamber kilns of the Zhou Dynasty had not yet established a unified technical standard.In contrast,although the semi-down-draft kilns appeared later,they developed a relatively standardized construction technique earlier,indicating their rapid adoption due to structural advancements.However,the semi-down-draft kilns in different regions exhibited distinct types and construction techniques,reflecting the limited extent of technological exchange among brick and tile kilns during this period.

关 键 词：周代 砖瓦窑 工艺技术 技术交流 多学科研究 

分 类 号：K878.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]