义务教育促进了农民工创业吗  

Did Compulsory Education Promote Migrant Workers' Entrepreneurship

作　　者：甘宇[1] 魏祥 Gan Yu;Wei Xiang

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学成渝地区双城经济圈建设研究院

出　　处：《财经科学》2024年第11期88-102,共15页Finance & Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“西部地区脱贫县返乡农民工创业风险识别及防控研究”(21BJY140)的资助。

摘　　要：推动进城农民工创业是实现农业转移人口市民化的重要探索。本文利用我国实施的“义务教育”这一政策的外生性冲击,基于2017年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查数据(CMDS),使用队列双重差分考察人力资本提升对进城农民工创业选择的影响。研究发现,义务教育政策的实施显著促进了进城农民工创业,其通过增加进城农民工的人力资本积累、拓展其“正式”社会网络,进而促进其创业。义务教育政策的创业驱动效应存在创业类型差异;此外,义务教育政策的实施还存在创业增收效应。为此,应加大农村基础教育投入,提升农村教育质量,构建多种类、多层次的教育培训体系,为农民工提供再教育机会。增加农民工随迁子女的基本公共教育保障。Promoting entrepreneurship among rural migrant workers is an important exploration for the urbanization of the agricultural transfer population.This study utilizes the exogenous shock of China's "Compulsory Education" policy,based on the 2017 China Migrant Population Health and Family Planning Dynamic Monitoring Survey(CMDS) data,and employs the cohort difference-in-differences method to examine the impact of education on the entrepreneurial choices of rural migrant workers in cities.The study finds that the Compulsory Education policy significantly encourages rural migrant workers to choose entrepreneurship by increasing their years of education and expanding their "formal" social networks,thereby promoting their entrepreneurial choices.The entrepreneurial promotion effect of the Compulsory Education policy exhibits differences in types of entrepreneurship.Furthermore,the implementation of the Compulsory Education policy also has an income-increasing effect on entrepreneurship.This study reveals the significant role of education in the livelihood transformation process of rural migrant workers from "wage laborers" to "entrepreneurs",providing insights and references for the optimization of policies related to new-type urbanization.The conclusion of the study reveals the important role of human capital in the process of livelihood transformation of migrant workers from "working" to "entrepreneurship",and provides reference for the optimization of relevant policies such as new urbanization.

关 键 词：城镇化 义务教育 农民工创业 队列双重差分 人力资本 

分 类 号：F062.6[经济管理—政治经济学]