基于同位素与水化学的和田河流域地下水径流特征分析  

Characteristic of groundwater flows in Hotan River Basin:Isotope and hydrochemistry-based analysis

作　　者：李小等 常亮[1,3,4] 杨炳超 段瑞[1] 王倩 张群慧[1] LI Xiaodeng;CHANG Liang;YANG Bingchao;DUAN Rui;WANG Qian;ZHANG Qunhui(Xi'an Center of Geological Survey,China Geological Survey,Xi'an 710054;Urumqi Center of Comprehensive Survey of Natural Resources,China Geological Survey,Urumqi 830000;Key Laboratory of Groundwater and Ecology in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions,China Geological Survey,Xi'an 710054;Shaanxi Province Engineering Research Centre of Water Resources and Environment,Xi'an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,西安710054 [2]中国地质调查局乌鲁木齐自然资源综合调查中心,乌鲁木齐830000 [3]中国地质调查局干旱-半干旱区地下水与生态重点实验室,西安710054 [4]陕西省水资源与环境工程技术研究中心,西安710054

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2024年第11期113-123,共11页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：第三次新疆综合科学考察业务项目(2022xjkk0300);重点地区地下水流场调查项目(DD20211566);新疆和田-皮山地区1:10万水文地质环境地质调查(S15-2-LQ2);陕西省自然基础研究计划(2022JQ-271);陕西省创新能力支撑计划(2019TD-040)资助。

摘　　要：为探讨和田河流域地下水形成转化和径流特征,以流域水文地质调查和水化学取样为基础,通过SPSS数理统计、Q型聚类分析、Gibbs图解法和两条典型剖面模拟分析,结合水化学特征分析和同位素(D、^(18)O、T和^(14)C)示踪验证。结果表明:1)从南到北(中高山区→山前砾质平原→细土平原→沙漠区),地下水径流条件越来越差。TDS值逐渐从0.49g/L增大到4.80g/L,水化学类型由HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Na型渐变为Cl·SO_(4)-Na型,主要水化学控制作用从溶滤作用变为蒸发浓缩作用。2)从出山口隐伏断裂处径流至和田市西南侧2.5km处的古江巴格乡,地下水同时接受上游侧向径流和河水淋滤式脱节型补给,径流速度快。TDS值由上游的1.8g/L减小至0.6g/L,年龄<100a。径流至英艾列克水库过程中,期间地表水与地下水多次混合,二者转化关系极其复杂。英艾列克水库以北,地下水径流速度滞缓,地下水年龄分布范围较大,多在100~1000a之间。3)下游细土平原区潜水–承压水含水层结构内,地下水水化学特征和径流强度在不同深度上表现不同,垂向差异性明显。以地下深度80m为分界线,地下水径流呈现出“上部浅层区速度快、TDS值低、年龄小;下部深层区速度慢、TDS值高、年龄大”的分层特征。二者之间水力联系较弱,仅存部分越流补给关系。4)在河间地块,地下水由分水岭向其两侧径流。东侧径流至玉龙喀什河西岸,西侧径流至喀拉喀什河东岸。两岸地下水接受侧向径流和河水入渗补给后,各自分别朝东北方向的洛浦县杭桂乡和西北方向的墨玉县奎牙乡径流,最终均排泄于周边的沙漠区。研究可为和田河流域地下水资源可持续开发利用和生态环境保护提供理论技术支撑。In order to study the groundwater transformation and runoff characteristics in Hotan River Basin,based on the hydrogeological survey and hydrochemical sampling,we applied SPSS mathematical statistics,Q-type cluster analysis,Gibbs method and simulation analyses to study the two typical profiles,combining with water chemical characteristics analysis and isotope(D,^(18)O,T and ^(14)C) tracing methods.The results showed that:1) From south to north(from high mountain areas to piedmont gravel plains,fine soil plains,and desert areas),groundwater runoff conditions are deteriorating.Total dissolved solids(TDS) gradually increase from 0.49g/L to 4.80g/L,and the hydrochemical type changes from HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Na to Cl·SO_(4)-Na.The main hydrochemical controls shift from water-rock interaction to evaporation–concentration.2) From the concealed fault at the mouth of the mountain range to the Gujiangbag Town,located 2.5km southwest of Hotan City,the groundwater is concurrently recharged by upstream lateral runoff and river water disjointed infiltration,exhibiting a rapid flow rate.TDS decreases from 1.8g/L in upstream to 0.6g/L,with ages<100 years.Enroute to the Yingaireke Reservoir,surface water and groundwater undergo multiple mixing resulting in extremely complex transformation relationships between the two.To the north of the Yingaireke Reservoir,groundwater runoff slows down,with a wider age distribution mainly between 100 to 1000 years.3)In the downstream fine soil plain area,within the confined aquifer structure,the hydrochemical characteristics and runoff intensity vary significantly at different depths,shows a pronounced vertical differences.Taking a depth of 80m underground as the boundary,the groundwater runoff exhibits rapid velocities,low TDS values,and young ages in the upper shallow zone.Conversely,it displays slower velocities,higher TDS values,and older ages in the lower deep zone.Hydraulic connectivity between the two part is weak,with only partial overflow recharge relations.4) In inter-river blocks,

关 键 词：地下水循环 同位素 水化学 典型剖面 和田河流域 

分 类 号：P641[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]