青藏高原东北缘大规模光伏电站对高寒沙地植被-土壤的影响研究——以青海共和盆地为例  

Effects of large-scale photovoltaic power stations on vegetation and soil in alpine sandy land in the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:A case study of Gonghe Basin in Qinghai Province

作　　者：屈准 杨肃昌[1] 赵鹏 韩庆杰 牛清河 殷代英 张嘉宸 QU Zhun;YANG Suchang;ZHAO Peng;HAN Qingjie;NIU Qinghe;YIN Daiyin;ZHANG Jiachen(School of Economics,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730010;Gansu Minqin National Field Observation&Research Station on Ecosystem of Desert Grassland,Minqin 733000;Northwest Institute of Ecological Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730010;Yellow River Upstream Hydropower Development Co.,Ltd,Xining 810000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学经济学院,兰州730010 [2]甘肃民勤荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,民勤733000 [3]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室,兰州730010 [4]黄河上游水电开发有限责任公司,西宁810000

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2024年第12期92-106,共15页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目(42207109,41771010);十四五国家重点研发计划子专题(2022YFF1302505-04);2023年陇原青年英才项目([2023]11号);国家电投集团统筹研发经费支持项目(KYTC2020GF10);青海省重大科技专(2021-SF-A7-2)资助。

摘　　要：不同类型太阳能光伏板对高寒区沙地植被-土壤的长期影响研究,对沙戈荒地区大规模光伏项目运维具有重要指导意义。文中以共和盆地光伏电站为研究对象,通过植被调查与土壤分析发现:光伏电站建成10年后植物种从21种增至33种,板下植物多样性降低但优势种密度增加,板间相反;同时站内土壤养分优于站外,板下优于板间,平单轴子阵优于其他类子阵,光伏子阵建成时间越长,土壤养分积累越充分;针对不同类型光伏板间,及光伏区内和旷野间的对比分析均表明,阳光照射对植物群落演化产生积极影响,阳光的长期固定遮蔽会抑制植物多样性的发展;光伏电站显著改变土壤因子分布,影响植被分布模式,在影响植物群落方差中,水解性氮(7.7%)的贡献率最高,其次是全氮(5.0%)和pH(4.3%)。这些因子共同影响了光伏电站内的植被分布模式。另外,光伏电站对土壤有显著的降温效应,在日、月时间尺度上,寒冷环境可导致电站的土壤降温效应增加,历经6年,电站内土壤有变干趋势,且深层土壤的变干趋势更为显著。The study on the long-term effects of different types of solar photovoltaic panels on vegetation soil in high-altitude desert areas has important guiding significance for the operation and maintenance of large-scale photovoltaic projects in the desert region.Taking the photovoltaic power station in the Republican Basin as the research object,through a vegetation field survey and soil test analysis,it was found that:Ten years after the completion of the photovoltaic power station,the number of plant species increased from 21 to 32.However,the diversity of the plants growing under the panels decreased,but the density of the dominant species exhibited an increase,while the opposite was observed in the area between the panels.Concurrently,the soil nutrients within the power station demonstrated superior quality in comparison to those outside the station.Additionally,the soil nutrients within the power station were observed to be superior to those in the surrounding area,with those beneath the panels exhibiting the greatest improvement.The flat uniaxial subarrays also demonstrated more favourable outcomes compared to other subarray types.The comparative analysis of different types of photovoltaic panels,photovoltaic areas and wilderness showed that sunlight exposure had a positive impact on plant community evolution,and the shading of photovoltaic panels inhibited the development of plant diversity.The construction of photovoltaic power stations has a significant impact on the distribution of soil factors,which in turn affects the distribution of vegetation.Among the soil factors that play a crucial role in determining the distribution of vegetation in the station are hydrolysable nitrogen,total nitrogen,pH.In addition,the photovoltaic power station has a significant cooling effect on the soil.In the time scale of day and month,the cold environment can lead to the decrease of soil temperature in the power station.After 6 years,the soil in the power station has a drying trend,and the drying trend in deep soil is more s

关 键 词：光伏电站 土壤养分 土壤温度 土壤湿度 植被 

分 类 号：TM615[电气工程—电力系统及自动化] S153[农业科学—土壤学]