基于大型底栖动物生物完整性的北京山区小流域水生态健康评价  

Assessment of water ecological health in small watersheds in the mountainous areas of Beijing based on the biological integrity of macrozoobenthos

作　　者：李文忠 赵子群 支翔宇 王赛超 李龙 李添雨 LI Wenzhong;ZHAO Ziqun;ZHI Xiangyu;WANG Saichao;LI Long;LI Tianyu(Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute,Beijing Key Laboratory of Watershed Water Environment and Ecological Technology,Beijing,100048;Beijing Miyun Reservoir Management Office,Beijing 101512;North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市水科学技术研究院,流域水环境与生态技术北京市重点实验室,北京100048 [2]北京市密云水库管理处,北京101512 [3]华北水利水电大学,郑州450046

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2024年第12期118-128,共11页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(Z221100005222013);2024年北京水务科技开放项目(SK-2024-001-STS)资助。

摘　　要：北京山区小流域水生态健康对保障首都生态安全具有至关重要的作用。为系统评价北京山区小流域水生态健康状况,以北京山区126条小流域为研究区域,以大型底栖动物为研究对象,布设采样点378个,采集到大型底栖动物163种,包括节肢动物门136种、软体动物门17种、环节动物门9种、扁形动物门1种。从耐污值分级标准来看,敏感大型底栖动物类群占比为16.56%,耐污大型底栖动物类群占比为11.04%。从大型底栖动物类群出现频率看,出现频率大于20%的大型底栖动物有12种,排前3的是四节蜉属(Baetidae)、米虾属(Caridina)、新米虾属(Neocaridina),出现频率分别为0.7619、0.5079和0.4444,均为一般耐污类群。经筛选确定13个参照点,通过对28个候选指标进行分布范围检验、相关性分析,构建了包含端足目+软体动物分类单元数(M6)、EPT相对丰度(M10)、直接收集者相对丰度(M20)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(M25)这4个核心指标的北京山区小流域B-IBI评价指标体系。采用比值法,以参照点B-IBI指数值25%分位值为北京山区小流域水生态健康评价标准。评价结果表明,35条为健康等级、55条为亚健康等级、32条为一般等级、4条为较差等级。总体上,北京山区小流域水生态健康状况相对较好,仅局部呈现退化趋势。The health of aquatic ecosystems in Beijing's mountainous small watersheds plays a crucial role in ensuring the ecological security of the Beijing.To systematically evaluate the health of the aquatic ecosystems in these watersheds,126 small watersheds in the mountainous areas of Beijing were studied,focusing on macrozoobenthos as the subject of research.Sampling points were established at 378 locations,resulting in the collection of 163 species of macrozoobenthos,including 136 species of arthropods,17 species of mollusks,9 species of annelids,and 1 species of flatworms.Based on the tolerance value grading standards,sensitive macrozoobenthos groups accounted for 16.56%,and pollution-tolerant macrozoobenthic groups accounted for 11.04%.In terms of the frequency of macrozoobenthic groups,12 species had a frequency greater than 20%,with the top three being the Baetidae,Caridina,and Neocaridina,with frequencies of 0.7619,0.5079,and 0.4444,respectively,all belonging to the moderately pollution-tolerant groups.Thirteen reference points were selected,and after testing the distribution range and analyzing correlations of 28 candidate indicators,a B-IBI evaluation system for the small watersheds in Beijing's mountainous areas was developed,including four core indicators:number of Plecoptera + Mollusca taxa(M6),relative abundance of EPT(M10),relative abundance of direct collectors(M20),and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(M25).The ratio method was used,the 25% quantile of the reference point B-IBI index value was set as the standard for evaluating the health of aquatic ecosystems in Beijing's mountainous small watersheds.The evaluation results showed that 35 watersheds were in a healthy state,55 in a sub-healthy state,32 at a general level,and 4 at a poor level.Overall,the health of the aquatic ecosystems in Beijing's mountainous small watersheds is relatively good,with localized degradation trends being observed.

关 键 词：大型底栖动物 生物完整性指数 小流域 水生态健康评价 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]