秋季石家庄高新区VOCs污染特征、化学活性及源解析  

Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds in Shijiazhuang High-tech Industrial Development Zone in Autumn

作　　者：张晓 张宁 韦锐[1] 宿文康 贺军亮[1] 宋昆仑[1] 张苗苗 赵江伟 孟凯 张艳品 ZHANG Xiao;ZHANG Ning;WEI Rui;SU Wen-kang;HE Jun-liang;SONG Kun-lun;ZHANG Miao-miao;ZHAO Jiang-wei;MENG Kai;ZHANG Yan-pin(College of Geographical Sciences and Environment,Shijiazhuang University,Shijiazhuang 050035,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Hebei Provincial Academy of Ecological Environmental Science,Shijiazhuang 050037,China;Hebei Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Shijiazhuang 050037,China;Hebei Provincial Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050021,China;Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Ecological Environment of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050021,China;Shijiazhuang Meteorological Bureau,Shijiazhuang 050081,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄学院地理科学与环境学院,石家庄050035 [2]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,南京210044 [3]河北省生态环境科学研究院,石家庄050037 [4]河北省生态环境监测中心,石家庄050037 [5]河北省气象科学研究所,石家庄050021 [6]河北省气象与生态环境重点实验室,石家庄050021 [7]石家庄市气象局,石家庄050081

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第12期7021-7030,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金项目(D2019106042,D2021106002);国家自然科学基金项目(22276099)。

摘　　要：基于2020年10月石家庄高新区挥发性有机物(VOCs)和臭氧(O_(3))在线数据,分析了VOCs污染特征,通过·OH估算、二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(SOAP)和O_(3)生成潜势(OFP)评估了大气化学活性,利用PMF对VOCs进行源解析.结果表明,总VOCsφ(TVOCs)介于(11~281)×10^(-9),各组分体积分数由大到小依次为:OVOCs、烷烃、卤代烃、芳香烃、烯烃及炔烃.VOCs含量水平对人体造成的非致癌风险可忽略不计,但苯和乙苯已构成致癌风险.间/对-二甲苯与乙苯比值(X/E)日变化介于2.5~3.4,测点VOCs气团为新鲜气团.由X/E估算的·OH分子浓度为1.75×10^(6) molecule·cm^(-3),07:00~14:00的·OH暴露度为3.77×10^(10)molecule·s·cm^(-3),大气VOCs有较强的SOA和O_(3)生成能力.芳香烃在SOA反应中起主导作用,对SOAP贡献率高达93.35%,烯烃在O_(3)生成过程中起主导作用,对OFP贡献率高达46.79%.源解析表明VOCs主要来自工业排放源(37.20%)、工艺流程与溶剂使用(33.80%)、移动源与油气挥发源(15.47%)、燃烧排放源(8.03%)及植物排放源(5.50%),工业排放与工艺流程排放的VOCs是区域内空气质量管控的重点.Utilizing the online monitoring data of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)and ozone(O_(3))in the Shijiazhuang high-tech industrial development zone during October 2020,the pollution characteristics of VOCs were analyzed.Subsequently,·OH estimation,secondary organic aerosol formation potential(SOAP),and ozone formation potential(OFP)were applied to assess the chemical reactivity of VOCs.Additionally,the source apportionment was identified using the positive matrix factorization(PMF)model.The results revealed that the hourlyφ[total VOCs(TVOCs)]were(11-281)×10^(-9),and the components were ranked by volume fraction in the following order:oxygenated volatile organic compounds(OVOCs)(60.83%),alkanes(19.98%),halohydrocarbons(5.64%),aromatics(5.91%),alkenes(4.83%),and alkynes(2.48%).Although the VOC concentration levels posed negligible non-carcinogenic risks to human health,benzene and ethylbenzene presented carcinogenic risks.The m/p-xylene to ethylbenzene ratio(X/E)varied from 2.5 to 3.4,indicating short-range transport of fresh air masses.Based on the X/E value,the·OH concentration was 1.75×10^(6) molecule·cm^(-3),and the·OH exposure from 07:00 to 14:00 was calculated as 3.77×10^(10) molecule·s·cm^(-3).Aromatics played a dominant role in SOA,with a contribution rate as high as 93.35%,while alkenes dominated O_(3) formation,with the OFP contribution rate reaching up to 46.79%.By applying the PMF model,five major VOC sources were identified,including industrial sources(37.20%),process flow and solvent use(33.80%),vehicle and oil/gas evaporation sources(15.47%),combustion sources(8.03%),and plant emissions(5.50%).Industrial and process emissions emerged as the primary contributors to VOCs in the ambient air of the high-tech zone,necessitating targeted control measures within this region.

关 键 词：挥发性有机物(VOCs) 污染特征 二次气溶胶生成潜势(SOAP) 臭氧生成潜势(OFP) 来源解析 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]