我国再生水循环利用:现状、趋势及对策  

Recycling of Reclaimed Water in China:Current Situation,Development Trend,and Countermeasures

作　　者：张娟娟 黎佳茜 吴瑞 刘雪瑜[1,2] 宋永会[1,2] ZHANG Juan-juan;LI Jia-xi;WU Rui;LIU Xue-yu;SONG Yong-hui(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Institute of Water Ecology and Environment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国环境科学研究院水生态环境研究所,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第12期7031-7040,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22106173);生态环境部预算工作项目(102144220260000009095)。

摘　　要：再生水循环利用是开发水资源、减少污染排放的重要途径.目前我国再生水利用率较低,循环利用技术和管理系统尚不完善.因此,从“碳达峰碳中和”双碳推进和“水资源保护、水环境治理、水生态修复”三水共治角度出发,首先系统梳理了我国各省(市、自治区)的水资源状况、供水结构、城市生活污水收集处理和再生利用情况.结果表明,2022年,全国城市生活污水处理量约为626.89亿m^(3),全年再生水生产能力总和约为289.8亿m^(3),再生水利用率约为28.76%;而再生水利用率低于25%的省区市有20个,其中,上海、重庆、西藏和江西再生水利用率低于5%;水资源状况与再生水利用率发展并不匹配,亟待拓宽再生水利用渠道,提高再生水利用率.进一步,总结了我国再生水利用的相关政策法规及标准,对再生水利用进行了技术和效益可行性分析,系统阐述了我国再生水利用的发展趋势以及目前存在的问题.最后从技术开发、管理政策、资金保障和宣传激励等方面提出再生水循环利用的对策建议,以期推进污水资源化处理,实现污水处理减污降碳协同增效,助力实现碳达峰碳中和目标,加快美丽中国建设.研究可为区域再生水循环利用工作提供参考和引导.Recycling of reclaimed water is an important way to develop water resources and reduce pollution discharge.At present,the utilization rate of reclaimed water is low in China and the recycling system is inadequate.Therefore,from the perspective of“carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”dual carbon propulsion and“water resources protection,water environment governance,and water ecological restoration”three water co-governance,this study first systematically combined the water resources situation,water supply structure,urban domestic sewage collection and treatment,and recycling of reclaimed water in all provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions).Data collected in 2022 showed that the capacity of municipal sewage treatment was approximately 62.689 billion cubic meters annually,the capacity of reclaimed water production was approximately 28.98 billion cubic meters annually,and the utilization rate of reclaimed water was approximately 28.76%.There were 20 provinces with the utilization rate of reclaimed water less than 25%,among which the utilization rate of reclaimed water was less than 5%in Shanghai,Chongqing,Xizang,and Jiangxi.The situation of water resources did not match the development of the utilization rate of reclaimed water.Therefore the utilization paths of reclaimed water must be broadened and the utilization rate of reclaimed water must be improved crucially.Moreover,the related policies,laws,and regulations and standards of reclaimed water in China were listed.The technical and benefit feasibility analysis of reclaimed water utilization was carried out,and the development trends and existing problems of reclaimed water utilization in China were investigated.Finally,the countermeasures and suggestions of the recycling of reclaimed water from the aspects of technology development,management policy,fund guarantee,and publicity incentive are proposed,to promote the resource treatment of sewage,realize the synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions in sewage treatment,help achieve the

关 键 词：水资源 再生水利用 现状分析 发展趋势 对策建议 

分 类 号：X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程]