瓦埠湖水体和沉积物中重金属分布特征、风险评估及来源解析  

Enrichment Characteristics,Risk Evaluation,and Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals in Wabu Lake of Yangtze River to Huaihe River Water Diversion Project

作　　者：李国莲[1] 张玉 王洋 蒋晓艳 李海斌[1] 张佳妹 陈星 谢发之[1] LI Guo-lian;ZHANG Yu;WANG Yang;JIANG Xiao-yan;LI Hai-bin;ZHANG Jia-mei;CHEN Xing;XIE Fa-zhi(Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Anhui Jianzhu University,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽建筑大学环境污染控制与废弃物资源化利用安徽省重点实验室,合肥230601

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第12期7111-7122,共12页Environmental Science

基　　金：安徽省科技厅项目(2208085MD100);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3201005);国家自然科学基金项目(42277075,42102204);安徽省教育厅高校自然科学研究项目(2023AH010019,2022AH050260)。

摘　　要：瓦埠湖是引江济淮工程(长江-巢湖-瓦埠湖-淮河)的重要枢纽,明晰瓦埠湖水体重金属污染情况和风险水平对引江济淮沿线水域的生态安全至关重要.采集了瓦埠湖24个点的表层水样和沉积物样,分析了表层水样和沉积物中重金属As、Zn、Pb、Ni、Cu、Cr、Fe和Cd含量,并采用HRA模型、沉积物质量准则(SQGs)和正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)对瓦埠湖重金属进行风险评价和来源分析.结果表明,瓦埠湖表层水中重金属(除Cd和Pb外)浓度平均值达到《地表水水质标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅲ类标准,且均在WHO所推荐的饮用水水质标准限值内.沉积物间隙水中重金属的浓度均低于美国环保署发布的国家推荐水质标准CCC(标准连续浓度).沉积物重金属As、Zn、Pb、Ni、Cu、Cr和Cd含量平均值分别为背景值的1.78、1.85、1.42、1.77、1.41、1.38和3.46倍.瓦埠湖水体中重金属Pb、Cd和Cr存在人体健康风险,其中Cr的CR值达到6.14×10^(-5).沉积物质量准则分析(SQGs)表明,As、Ni和Cr对湖泊产生不良影响的概率较大,生态风险空间分布显示沉积物中As、Cr和Ni含量值高于PEL阈值的区域几乎覆盖全湖区.PMF分析表明,瓦埠湖重金属主要来源于湖周边工业、农业和居民生活的外源输入,其次是围网养殖导致内源性污染.后续应关注瓦埠湖上覆水中重金属Cr、Cd和Pb污染和沉积物中As、Cr和Ni水生态安全.Wabu Lake serves as a crucial junction within the Yangtze River to Huai River Water Diversion Project(Yangtze-Chao Lake-Wabu Lake-Huai River),where clarifying the status and risk levels of heavy metal contamination in the lake is crucial for the aquatic ecological safety along the route of the project.Surface water and sediment samples from 24 locations in Wabu Lake were collected and analyzed for the contents of heavy metals(As,Zn,Pb,Ni,Cu,Cr,Fe,and Cd).Risk evaluation and source apportionment of heavy metals in the lake were conducted using the human risk assessment(HRA)model,sediment quality guidelines(SQGs),and positive matrix factorization(PMF)method.The results showed that the average concentrations of heavy metals(except for Cd and Pb)in the surface water were lower than the class III limits of the surface water quality standard(GB 3838-2002).The average concentration of heavy metals(As,Zn,Pb,Ni,Cu,Cr,Fe,and Cd)in interstitial water were lower than the Criteria Continuous Concentration(CCC)of the National Recommended Water Quality Criteria.The average contents of As,Zn,Pb,Ni,Cu,Cr,and Cd in the sediment exceeded the background values by factors of 1.78,1.85,1.42,1.77,1.41,1.38,and 3.46,respectively.In addition,the heavy metals Pb,Cd,and Cr in the Wabu Lake water posed severe risks to human health,with the cancer risk(CR)value for Cr reaching 6.14×10^(-5).The sediment quality guidelines(SQGs)indicated that the probability of adverse effects on lakes by As,Ni,and Cr was relatively high.The spatial distribution of risk areas showed that the risk control zones for As,Cr,and Ni in Wabu Lake covered almost the entire lake area.The PMF analysis indicated that the primary sources of heavy metals in Wabu Lake were exogenous inputs from industrial,agricultural,and residential activities in surrounding areas,followed by endogenous pollution caused by enclosed aquaculture.The subsequent focus should be on the pollution of heavy metals Cr,Cd,and Pb in the overlying water of Wabu Lake as well as the sediment ecological

关 键 词：瓦埠湖 重金属 健康风险评价 沉积物质量准则分析(SQGs) 正定矩阵因子分解(PMF) 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4