清水河水体主要水化学离子分布特征及成因机制  

Distribution Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Main Hydrochemical Ions in Qingshui River

作　　者：刘昊洋 刘伟 杨国丽[1] 王佳伟 张恒星[2] 张海岛 刘大伟 李军 马立山[1] LIU Hao-yang;LIU Wei;YANG Guo-li;WANG Jia-wei;ZHANG Heng-xing;ZHANG Hai-dao;LIU Da-wei;LI Jun;MA Li-shan(Hebei Key Laboratory of Water Quality Engineering and Comprehensive Utilization of Water Resources,Hebei University of Architecture,Zhangjiakou 075000,China;Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Science,Shijiazhuang 050061,China;No.8 Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration of Shandong Province,Rizhao 276826,China)

机构地区：[1]河北建筑工程学院河北省水质工程与水资源综合利用重点实验室,张家口075000 [2]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,石家庄050061 [3]山东省第八地质矿产勘查院,日照276826

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第12期7134-7145,共12页Environmental Science

基　　金：河北省教育厅青年基金项目(QN2020424,2022QNJS05)。

摘　　要：清水河是张家口市居民生活和工业生产的重要水源,厘定清水河水体主要水化学离子成因机制,对地表水资源的可持续开发利用具有重要现实意义.于2022年7月在清水河农业区河段和城市区河段共采集20组地表水样品,在检测主要水化学离子和稳定同位素(δ^(2)H-H_(2)O和δ^(18)O-H_(2)O)基础上,利用水文地球化学方法、多元统计分析和正定矩阵因子分解模型(PMF)从定性至定量角度综合揭示了地表水化学成因机制.结果表明,清水河水体pH均值为8.66,呈弱碱性水.水体中阳离子平均浓度顺序为:Ca^(2+)>Na+>Mg^(2+)>K^(+)>NH_(4)^(+),阴离子平均浓度顺序为:HCO_(3)^(-)>SO_(4)^(2-)>NO_(3)^(-)>Cl^(-)>F^(-)>NO_(2)^(-),主要水化学类型为HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg水.就自然背景,地表河水主要受岩石风化和蒸发结晶作用共同控制,且岩石风化为主导作用,碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩溶解控制着地表水主要水化学离子.就人类活动,农业区部分水体受过量施肥影响,出现NO_(3)^(-)浓度(1.88~47.4 mg·L^(-1))超标现象(10 mg·L^(-1)),城市区水体受工业废水排放影响,城南水体出现F-浓度(0.38~1.92 mg·L^(-1))超标现象(1.0 mg·L^(-1)).定量解析结果表明,农业区水体主要受农业施肥(29.6%)、牲畜粪便(16.4%)、岩石风化(17.4%)和原生地质(13.7%)4种因素控制,而城市区水体受生活污染(30.5%)、工业污染(20.1%)、原生地质(18.4%)和岩石风化(16.7%)影响较大.Qingshui River is a vital source for human life and industrial production in Zhangjiakou City.Determination of the formation mechanism of the main hydrochemical ions is important for the sustainable development and utilization of surface water resources in the Qingshui River.In view of this,20 surface water samples were collected from the agricultural and urban reaches of the Qingshui River in July 2022.Based on the detection of hydrochemical ions and stable isotopes(δ^(2) H-H_(2)O andδ^(18)O-H_(2)O),the hydrogeochemical methods,multivariate statistical analysis,and positive matrix factorization model(PMF)were used to comprehensively understand the chemical formation mechanism of surface water from qualitative to quantitative perspectives.The results showed that the average pH value in the Qingshui River was 8.66,indicating weakly alkaline water.The average concentrations of cations and anions decreased in the orders of Ca^(2+)>Na^(+)>Mg^(2+)>K^(+)>NH_(4)^(+)and HCO_(3)^(-)>SO_(4)^(2-)>NO_(3)^(-)>Cl^(-)>F^(-)>NO_(2)^(-)in the river water,respectively.The main hydrochemical type was identified as HCO_(3)^(-)Ca·Mg water.For the natural background,surface water was mainly controlled by rock weathering and evaporation crystallization and rock weathering was identified as the primary driving factor.The main hydrochemical compositions in the Qingshui River were derived from the dissolution of carbonate rocks and silicate rocks.Regarding anthropogenic activities,the portions of river water in the agricultural reaches were mainly affected by the excessive application of chemical fertilizers.Furthermore,the concentration of NO_(3)^(-)(1.88-47.4 mg·L^(-1))exceeded the standard for drinking purposes(10 mg·L^(-1)).The concentration of F-(0.38-1.92 mg·L^(-1))was above the acceptable limit for drinking purposes(1.0 mg·L^(-1))in the southern urban reaches portion of the river water,which could have been attributed to the industrial sewage discharge.The obtained results from the PMF model showed that the hydrochemical com

关 键 词：地表水 水化学 环境同位素 PMF模型 成因机制 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]