新疆阿克苏地区春油菜品种鉴选及综合评价  

Identification and comprehensive evaluation of spring rapeseed varieties in Aksu region of Xinjiang

作　　者：郭文博 李海峰[1] 温云梦 付彦博 扁青永 刘志刚[1] 朱锦泉 魏彦宏 刘国宏[1] GUO Wenbo;LI Haifeng;WEN Yunmeng;FU Yanbo;BIAN Qingyong;LIU Zhigang;ZHU Jinquan;WEI Yanhong;LIU Guohong(Institute of Turpan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Turpan,Xinjiang 838000,China;Baicheng Agricultural Experimental Station,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Aksu,Xinjiang 842304,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院吐鲁番农业科学研究所,新疆吐鲁番838000 [2]新疆农业科学院拜城农业试验站,新疆阿克苏842304

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2024年第6期19-26,60,共9页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02008-6)。

摘　　要：针对新疆油菜目前存在品种混杂退化、单产偏低、含油量偏低、品质低、高产品种缺乏等问题,以67个高产高抗的春油菜品种为供试材料,以一级分枝数、二级分枝数、有效分枝总数、株高、主序角果数、主序长度、每角粒数、单株角果数、千粒重、产量及倒伏率等指标为鉴选依据,采用加权隶属函数、主成分分析、相关性分析和聚类分析进行综合评价,以期建立新疆油菜综合评价指标体系,筛选出适宜新疆栽培的高产油菜品种。结果表明:参试品种的产量范围为1857~5314.5 kg·hm^(-2),变异系数为0.151。油菜有效分枝总数、株高、茎粗、主序角果数、每角粒数、单株角果数、产量和倒伏率可以作为衡量春油菜综合评分的主要性状,其中有效分枝总数和每角粒数与综合评价(D值)相关系数最高,分别达到0.82和0.81(P<0.01)。通过逐步回归分析构建回归方程发现,各品种估计精度高于90%,表明构建的回归方程中14个农艺参数对油菜高产性具有较明显影响,该方程也可用于油菜高产评价。根据各品种的综合表现,鉴选出‘青杂12号’和‘陇油19号’为适宜在新疆阿克苏地区种植的春油菜品种。Xinjiang oilseed rape currently faces challenges such as mixed varieties and degradation,low yields,low oil content,low quality,and a lack of high-yielding varieties.It is essential to establish a comprehensive evaluation index system for oilseed rape in Xinjiang to identify high-yield oilseed rape varieties suitable for cultivation in the region.In this experiment,67 high-yielding and high-resistant spring rapeseed varieties were selected as study materials.Eleven parameters were selected for evaluation based on the identification criteria,including the number of primary branches,the number of secondary branches,the total number of effective branches,plant height,the number of angular fruits in the main sequence,the length of the main sequence,the number of grains per angle,the number of angular fruits per plant,thousand-grain weight,production and yield,and the lodging rate.Various methods,such as weighted subordinate functions,principal component analysis,correlation analysis,and cluster analysis,were used to conduct a thorough evaluation.The results showed that the yields of the tested varieties ranged from 1857~5314.5 kg·hm^(-2) with a coefficient of variation of 0.151.The total effective branches,plant height,stem thickness,number of angiosperms in the main sequence,number of kernels per angiosperm,number of angiosperms per plant,yield,and collapse rate of spring rape were used as the main traits to measure the comprehensive score of spring rape.Among these factors,the total number of productive branches and the number of grains per spike showed the highest correlation coefficients with the comprehensive evaluation(D value),reaching 0.82 and 0.81(P<0.01),respectively.The regression equation was constructed using stepwise regression analysis.The estimation accuracy for each variety exceeded 90%,suggesting that the 14 agronomic parameters in the equation significantly influenced the yield of rapeseed.Moreover,the equation was also used to assess high yield of rapeseed.Finally,based on the comprehensive perfo

关 键 词：春油菜 品种鉴选 综合评价 新疆阿克苏地区 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学] S338