灌溉模式和播种密度对东北地区春小麦光合效率及产量的影响  

Effects of irrigation mode and sowing density on photosynthetic efficiency and yield of spring wheat in Northeast China

作　　者：丰明[1] 王英杰[1] 王术[2] 庄艳[1] 葛维德[1] FENG Ming;WANG Yingjie;WANG Shu;ZHUANG Yan;GE Weide(Crop Research Institute,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang,Liaoning 110161,China;College of Agriculture,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院作物研究所,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]沈阳农业大学农学院,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2024年第6期69-79,共11页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：辽宁省应用基础研究计划项目(2023JH2/101300132);沈阳市种业创新科技专项(23-410-2-11);沈阳市农村科技特派团专项(22-319-2-38)。

摘　　要：为挖掘辽宁小麦品种增产增收潜力,以‘辽春33’春小麦为供试品种,采用二因素裂区设计,设置4种灌溉模式,包括两种喷灌模式(P1:一条喷灌带服务10行小麦,P2:一条喷灌带服务12行小麦)和两种滴灌模式(D1:一条滴灌带服务6行小麦,D2:一条滴灌带服务8行小麦),并设置4个播种密度水平:225(M1)、262(M2)、300(M3)、337 kg·hm-2(M4),探究播种密度及灌溉模式对春小麦光合作用及产量的影响。结果表明:同一播种密度条件下,滴灌处理的春小麦光合特性、SPAD值、叶面积指数和产量均高于喷灌处理,其中滴灌处理D2的春小麦产量较D1、P1和P2处理分别提高2.15%、4.57%和6.16%;同一灌溉模式下,M3密度处理的叶片光合特性、SPAD值、叶面积指数和产量均优于M1、M2、M4处理,增产幅度为2.44%~10.75%。D2M3处理春小麦籽粒产量达7025.48 kg·hm^(-2),较其他处理提高1.24%~15.90%。综上,一条滴灌带服务8行小麦的滴灌方式配合300 kg·hm^(-2)的播种密度可作为辽宁省推荐的春小麦种植模式。The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of optimal seeding density and irrigation methods on wheat photosynthesis and yield,and to explore the potential for increasing the yield and profitability of the Liaoning wheat variety,‘Liaochun 33’.The split-plot design with two factors was adopted.The irrigation modes were the main area,including two sprinkler irrigation modes(P1:one sprinkler irrigation belt served 10 rows of wheat;P2:one sprinkler irrigation belt served 12 rows of wheat)and two drip irrigation modes(D1:one drip irrigation belt served 6 rows of wheat;D2:one drip irrigation belt served 8 rows of wheat).The sowing density levels were 225(M1),262(M2),300(M3),and 337 kg·hm^(-2)(M4).The results showed that the photosynthetic characteristics,SPAD value,leaf area index and yield of spring wheat under drip irrigation were higher than those in sprinkler irrigation.The yield of irrigation treatment D2 was 2.15%,4.57%and 6.16%higher than D1,P1 and P2 at the same seeding density.Under the same irrigation mode,the photosynthetic characteristics,SPAD value,leaf area index and yield of M3 density treatment were better than M1,M2 and M4 treatment,with the increase ranging from 2.44%to 10.75%.The grain yield of spring wheat treated with D2M3 reached 7025.48 kg·hm^(-2),which increased by 1.24%~15.90%compared with other treatments.In conclusion,one drip irrigation belt serving 8 rows of wheat with the seeding density of 300 kg·hm-2 can be recommended for the spring wheat planting mode in Liaoning Province.

关 键 词：春小麦 播种密度 灌溉模式 光合效率 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]