企业数字化转型如何提升出口产品质量?——来自制造业上市公司的经验证据  

How Enterprise Digital Transformation Improve the Quality of Export Products?Empirical Evidence From Listed Manufacturing Companies

作　　者：赵晨[1] 王燕梅[2] ZHAO Chen;WANG Yan-mei(Faculty of Applied Economics,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China;Institute of Industrial Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100006,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院,北京102488 [2]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所,北京100006

出　　处：《财经问题研究》2024年第12期83-96,共14页Research On Financial and Economic Issues

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“数字经济对我国参与国际分工及产业安全的影响研究”(21BJL065)。

摘　　要：数字化转型已经成为中国制造业企业高质量发展的新引擎。本文基于新新贸易理论,将任务模型引入企业出口产品质量决定模型,在理论层面分析了企业数字化转型与出口产品质量的关系,并利用2007—2015年中国海关数据和制造业上市公司数据,采用固定效应模型检验企业数字化转型对出口产品质量的影响及作用机制。研究结果显示,企业数字化转型能提升出口产品质量,在考虑内生性问题和一系列稳健性检验后,回归结果依然显著为正。企业数字化转型对高对外开放水平地区、良好创新环境地区出口产品质量的促进效应更显著。企业数字化转型通过提高全要素生产率、替代低技能劳动力和降低信息成本提升出口产品质量。本文的研究丰富了出口产品质量方面的研究,为数字经济背景下企业高质量发展提供了政策启示。Upgrading the quality of export products is an important component of building up China’s strength in quality.At the same time,digital technology has become an important driving force in China’s economic development,accelerating its penetration into the manufacturing industry and empowering the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing.In the context of building up China’s strength in quality and the rapid development of the digital economy,can the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises promote the upgrading of export product quality?Based on the new‑new trade theory,this paper analyzes the relationship between enterprise digital transformation and the quality of export products at the theoretical level and uses the data of China customs and listed manufacturing companies from 2007 to 2015 for empirical testing.The results show that the digital transformation of enterprises can improve the quality of export products.After considering endogeneity problems and a series of robustness tests,the regression results are still significant.The heterogeneity analysis shows that the digital transformation of enterprises has a more significant promoting effect on the quality of export products in regions with high levels of openness and a favorable innovation environment.The mechanism test shows that improving total factor productivity(TFP),replacing low‑skilled labor,and reducing information costs are the main channels through which the digital transformation of enterprises affects the quality of export products.The marginal contributions of this paper include the following aspects.Firstly,at the theoretical level,this article embeds the“task model”into the heterogeneous enterprise trade theory,constructs the quality determination model of enterprises’export products,and then analyzes the impact of digital transformation on the quality of export products.Secondly,in terms of data usage,due to a large number of missing values in the labor structure data of the Wind database before

关 键 词：数字化转型 出口产品质量 全要素生产率 劳动力投入 信息成本 

分 类 号：F752.62[经济管理—国际贸易]