纳米纤维支撑层在正/反渗透膜中的应用研究进展  

Research progress on nanofiber-based support layers in forward/osmosis composite membranes

作　　者：陈红[1,2] 李楠[2,3] 林玉双 代昭[1,2] CHEN Hong;LI Nan;LIN Yushuang;DAI Zhao(School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China;State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China;School of Chemistry,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China;School of Textile Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学化学工程与技术学院,天津300387 [2]天津工业大学省部共建分离膜与膜过程国家重点实验室,天津300387 [3]天津工业大学化学学院,天津300387 [4]天津工业大学纺织科学与工程学院,天津300387

出　　处：《精细化工》2024年第12期2553-2563,2602,共12页Fine Chemicals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22108203)。

摘　　要：纳米纤维正/反渗透复合膜在膜分离领域备受瞩目,其独特结构和性能为膜技术的发展开辟了新的前景。通过单一或多种聚合物制备纳米纤维支撑层,并结合纳米材料负载、表面改性、中间层引入等方法,有效增强其孔隙率和三维孔隙结构性能,实现了对溶质的高效截留和通量增强。在水处理领域采用纳米纤维复合膜能够降本增效,符合中国倡导的节能减排政策,顺应水处理领域提高效率、降低能耗等多方面的迫切需求。该文阐述了纳米纤维的制备技术,特别是结构设计、功能调控等,并重点探讨了纳米纤维作为支撑层在正/反渗透膜中的研究现状以及对膜性能的影响;总结了纳米纤维正/反渗透复合膜在海水淡化、污水处理、农业灌溉领域的应用情况;最后,指出其面临的挑战和改进方向,并对未来的发展前景和应用潜力进行了展望。Nanofiber-based forward/reverse osmosis composite membranes have attracted significant interest in membrane separation,with their unique structure and properties offering innovative prospects for the advancement of membrane technology.These membranes,manufactured from nanofiber support layers utilizing single or multiple polymer materials in combination with nanomaterial incorporation,surface modification,and intermediary layer integration,effectively enhanced their porosity and three-dimensional pore structure,thus achieving efficient solute retention and flux increase.The application of nanofiber-based composite membranes in water treatment holds promise for cost reduction and efficiency improvement,aligning with China's energy-saving and emission-reduction policies,as well as addressing the pressing need for efficiency improvement and energy consumption reduction in water treatment.Herein,the preparation techniques of nanofibers were described,with emphasis on structural design and functional modulation.The current research status concerning nanofibers as support layers in forward/reverse osmosis membranes and their effect on membrane performance were then thoroughly elucidated.The application of nanofiber forward/reverse osmosis composite membranes in the field of seawater desalination,water treatment,agricultural irrigation was further summarized.Finally,the existing challenges and improvement directions were highlighted,while the future development prospects and application potential were discussed.

关 键 词：纳米纤维 支撑层 内浓差极化 支撑层的改性 正/反渗透 

分 类 号：TQ051.8[化学工程]