中国古典文学的“赋史”传统  

“Fu as History”Tradition in Chinese Classical Literature

作　　者：王思豪 Wang Sihao

机构地区：[1]澳门大学人文学院,中国

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2024年第11期107-128,206,共23页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：“赋史”论孕育于汉代赋体创作的史学化倾向,自觉于刘勰论赋“捃摭经史”的理论认知,确立于倪璠对庾信《哀江南赋》寄寓家国兴亡史的阐释中。史著载赋、赋写史迹,从中可以考见当代史事与史识;后世史家援赋证史,又从赋中借镜史家“三长”,形成“赋史互证”的学术方法。赋作政教模式、大一统模式、哀故土模式、纪行模式四大叙写模式,超越了步法于杜诗“诗史”而来的“赋史”小传统,迈向肇自经史的大传统。作为“赋史”论核心要义的“赋法”,不仅以“赋体诗史”理念化解“诗史”被否定的危机,又衍化出“赋体词史”论,强化了词体的尊体意识。这些都让“赋史”卓立于韵文之“史”的传统中,成为中国文学中的一种新的阐释方法与重要批评话语。The theory of"Fu as History"emerged from the historiographical tendencies of Fu(rhyme prose)writing in the Han dynasty,gained its self-awareness in Liu Xie's concept of Fu as"quoted extensively from classics and histories,"and was solidified in Ni Fan's elaboration on the narratives of the rise and fall of nations in Yu Xin's Lament for the South.Fu's inclusion in historical records and its depiction of historical events revealed contemporary narratives and perspectives,while later historians used Fu both to validate historical accounts and to reflect the"three expertise of historians,"creating an academic paradigm of"mutual interpretation between Fu and history."The four main narrative modes of Fupolitico-religious relations,unification,homeland nostalgia,and traveloguetranscend the"Fu as History"micro-tradition that followed from the"Poetry as History"of Du Fu's poems and established a macro-tradition of classics and history.As a core concept of"Fu as History,"Fu's writing technique not only resolved the rejection crisis of"Poetry as History"with the philosophy of"Fu's stylistics and poetry as history,"but also inspired the theory of"Fu's stylistics and Ci as history"to enhance the style-centered awareness of Ci literature.These innovations distinguish"Fu as History"from historical verse traditions and position it as a significant method of literary hermeneutics and criticism in Chinese literature.

关 键 词：赋史 赋法 诗史 庾信 《哀江南赋》 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]