长期施用有机肥对设施蔬菜土壤细菌群落特征的影响  

Effects of long-term application of organic fertilizer on soil bacterial community characteristics of facility vegetables

作　　者：杨荣 李志宏[1] 张云贵[1] 陈曦 朱经伟 王新修 荆晓雯 李琼香 肖芳 刘青丽[1] YANG Rong;LI Zhi-hong;ZHANG Yun-gui;CHEN Xi;ZHU Jing-wei;WANG Xin-xiu;JING Xiao-xia;LI Qiong-xiang;XIAO Fang;LIU Qing-li(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Guizhou Institute of Tobacco Science,Guiyang Guizhou 550081)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]贵州省烟草科学研究院,贵州贵阳550081

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第10期43-51,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发课题(2023YFD1701804);中国烟草总公司科技项目(110202102037);中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目(2021XM17)。

摘　　要：为探究长期施用有机肥对设施蔬菜土壤细菌群落结构特征的影响,选取进行了13年无机磷肥和无机钾肥施用量一致的设施蔬菜的长期定位试验,设置了不施氮肥和有机肥(D0)、单施有机肥(D1)、有机无机配施(D2)和增氮有机无机配施(D3)4个处理,基于宏基因组测序技术,比较各处理土壤细菌群落结构的差异。长期施用有机肥能够显著增加设施蔬菜土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质的含量(P<0.05),提高变形菌门相对丰度,降低放线菌门相对丰度。单施有机肥处理显著增加了硝化螺旋菌门的相对丰度(P<0.05);有机无机配施处理显著增加了疣微菌门、拟杆菌门的相对丰度(P<0.05)。冗余分析表明,土壤环境可以解释细菌群落结构83.66%的差异;相关性分析表明,土壤p H及全磷、全钾和碱解氮的含量是影响细菌群落结构的主要环境因子。拟杆菌门与p H呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与养分含量呈正相关;绿弯菌门与养分含量呈负相关,尤其是与全磷、全钾、碱解氮含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05);厚壁菌门与全钾含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。以上研究表明,长期施用有机肥能够显著增加设施蔬菜土壤的养分含量,有效提高设施菜地土壤细菌相对丰度,改善土壤细菌群落结构。The aimed to explore the impact of long-term application of organic fertilizers on the structural characteristics of soil bacterial communities in greenhouse vegetable cultivation.A 13-year field experiment with greenhouse vegetables was conducted,comprising four treatments:no nitrogen fertilezer and organic fertilizer application(D0),sole application of organic fertilizer(D1),combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers(D2),and nitrogen-enriched combined organic and inorganic fertilizers(D3).Using metagenomic sequencing technology,the differences in soil bacterial community structures among these treatments were compared.Long-term application of organic fertilizers significantly increased the content of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter in greenhouse vegetable soil(P<0.05).It also increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and decreased that of Proteobacteria.Sole organic fertilizer application significantly increased the relative abundance of Nitrospirae(P<0.05),while combined organic and inorganic fertilizer application significantly increased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Planctomycetes(P<0.05).Redundancy analysis indicated that soil environment explained 83.66%of the variation in bacterial community structure.Correlation analysis revealed that soil pH,total phosphorus,total potassium and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen contents were the main environmental factors influencing bacterial community structure.Planctomycetes were significantly negatively correlated with pH(P<0.05)and positively correlated with nutrient content.Chloroflexi showed a negative correlation with nutrient content,especially with total phosphorus,total potassium and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen contents(P<0.05).Firmicutes were significantly negatively correlated with total potassium content(P<0.05).The results of this study indicated that long-term application of organic fertilizers significantly increas

关 键 词：设施蔬菜 宏基因组 土壤细菌 有机肥 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S626[农业科学—农业基础科学]