土壤调理剂对柴胡产量和品质及土壤性状的影响  

Effects of soil conditioner on the yield and quality of Bupleurum marginatum and soil properties

作　　者：柳瀛 张龙 王岩 袁庆军[4] 杨朝辉 何雨桐 王婷 桑梦瑶 郭李萍[1] LIU Ying;ZHANG Long;WANG Yan;YUAN Qing-jun;YANG Zhao-hui;HE Yu-tong;WANG Ting;SANG Meng-yao;GUO Li-ping(Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment,Ministry of Agriculure and RuralAffairs,Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Shandong Jingniu Group Co.Ltd.,Jinan Shandong 250102;College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong Shanxi 030801;National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700;Anguo Qibawei Chinese Herbal Medicine Co.Ltd.,Baoding Hebei 071200)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部农业环境重点实验室,中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]山东劲牛集团股份有限公司,山东济南250102 [3]山西农业大学农学院,山西晋中030801 [4]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700 [5]河北省安国市祁八味中药材有限公司,河北保定071200

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第10期105-115,共11页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：2023年度济南市海右计划产业领军人才支持工程项目;中国农业科学院重大科技任务(CAAS-ZDRW202417)。

摘　　要：针对因中草药生长期长、次生代谢旺盛以及多年连续种植使土壤化学和生物学性状发生变化引发的中草药连作障碍问题,通过在中药材之乡河北省安国市采用田间试验,设计农民习惯(CK)、施用石灰(Lime)和复合调理剂(Com)(包含石灰、石膏和腐植酸及复合芽孢杆菌)3个不同的处理,探究土壤调理剂对多年连种中草药土壤的化学性状及微生物学性状的影响,检验其对土壤的调理作用及柴胡产量和品质的提升作用。研究结果表明,调理剂使柴胡产量提高33.8%~41.9%,且柴胡中总皂苷含量提高16.0%~38.3%;调理剂对抑制根际土壤pH下降有积极作用;调理剂还使得土壤中养分状况得到改善,促进氮、磷、钾养分在土壤中的保存、利于植物吸收;施用调理剂的处理,土壤蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶活性提高、土壤质量及健康指标改善;调理剂处理后土壤微生物区系组成趋于合理,致病性真菌如被孢霉属、篮状菌属、小不整球壳属、炭疽菌属等在群落中的组成占比降低,而有益真菌如盾壳霉属、交链孢霉属的占比增加。因此,复合调理剂能够调理土壤化学及生物学性状,可作为减轻中药材种植土壤连作障碍的部分解决方案,对典型中草药种植区土壤改良及中草药产量和品质提升有积极作用。In order to ameliorate the deteriorative soil properties in chemical and biological aspects in the fields where Chinese herbal medicine plants grow on-site for years with long growth period and robust secondary metabolism,a field experiment was conducted in Anguo city,Hebei province,the hometown of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM).Three different treatments were designed,including farmer’s conventional fertilization pattern(CK),lime application(Lime),and compound conditioner application(Com)(complex of lime,gypsum,humic acid and Bacillus).The improvement effects of the soil conditioner on the chemical and microbiological properties of the soil where CHM were continuously planted for years,as well as the yield and quality of Bupleurum marginatum(BM)were examined.Results showed that the soil conditioners enhanced the yield and saponin content of BM by 33.8%-41.9%and 16.0%-38.3%,respectively.The conditioner had a positive effect on inhibiting the decrease of rhizosphere soil pH.Soil conditioners improved soil nutrient status,promoted the preservation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the soil,and facilitated plant absorption.Treatments with conditioners showed enhancement on soil enzyme activities,including sucrase and polyphenol oxidase,which indicating the improvement of the soil quality and health status.Treatments with the conditioners exhibited the improvement on the microbial community with a decrease in the compositional proportion of pathogenic fungi,including Mortierella,Talaromyces,Plectosphaerella,Colletotrichum,while an increase in beneficial fungi such as Coniothyrium,Alternaria.This study demonstrated that the compound soil conditioner containing chemical components and microbial bacteria(Bacillus complex)could apply as a partial solution for reducing soil barriers resulted from continuous cropping of Chinese medicine plants.The compound soil conditioners could be recommended as an option for improving soil quality and increasing the yield and quality of Chinese herbal medicine.

关 键 词：柴胡 复合调理剂 石灰 中草药种植 土壤改良 

分 类 号：S567.79[农业科学—中草药栽培] S156.2[农业科学—作物学]