基于微生物组学分析揭示土壤调理剂促进水稻增产的机制  

Elucidation of the mechanisms of application of soil conditioning agents to promote rice grain yield based on microbiomics analysis

作　　者：余垚颖[1,2] 黄小琴 杨潇湘[1,2] 邓越 张重梅 周西全 向运佳[1,2] 鲜赟曦 刘勇[1,2] 张蕾 YU Yao-ying;HUANG Xiao-qin;YANG Xiao-xiang;DENG Yue;ZHANG Chong-mei;ZHOU Xi-quan;XIANG Yun-jia;XIAN Yun-xi;LIU Yong;ZHANG Lei(Instiute f Pat Protetion,Sichan eadey of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu Sichun 610066;Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Southwest Agriculture Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu Sichun 610066)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所,四川成都610066 [2]农业农村部西南作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,四川成都610066

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第10期116-126,共11页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：四川省自然科学基金项目(2022NSFSC0168,2023NSFSC 0150);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川创新团队项目(SCCXTD-2024-3);四川省农业科学院自主创新项目(2022ZZCX023)。

摘　　要：为了解析土壤调理剂促进水稻增产的机制,开展施用土壤调理剂(TS)和未施用土壤调理剂(CS)的大田试验,通过分析土壤养分指标探究调理剂对土壤理化性质的改善效果,借助高通量测序技术测定施用调理剂对土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明:施用专用调理剂(碱性)后,(1)水稻单产增加810.15 kg·hm^(-2)(6.83%);(2)土壤养分状况得到明显改善,土壤pH和交换性钙离子含量显著提高;(3)地杆菌科、噬几丁质科、亚硝化单胞菌科、Nitrososphaeraceae、假球壳科和Ustilaginaceae的相对丰度明显提高;(4)相对丰度前30的科中,土壤p H与噬几丁质科、黄色杆菌科、Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17、嘉利翁氏菌科、葫芦腔菌科呈显著负相关,与Nitrososphaeraceae和Ustilaginaceae呈显著正相关;土壤交换性钙离子与黄色杆菌科、Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17和地根壶菌科呈显著负相关,与Nitrososphaeraceae和Ustilaginaceae呈显著正相关。综上所述,施用专用土壤调理剂(碱性)能改善土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构,从而有利于水稻干物质积累和产量提升。In order to analyze the mechanisms for promoting rice yield by the soil-conditioning agents(SCAs),a field experiment was carried out,and treatments with SCAs(TS)and without SCAs(CS)were conducted.The improvement effect of SCAs on soil physicochemical properties was explored by analyzing soil nutrient,and high-throughput sequencing technology was used to determine the impact of application of SCAs on soil microbial community structure.The results showed that,after applying the SCAs(alkaline),(1)the rice yield increased by 810.15 k·hm^(-2)(6.83%);(2)The soil nutrient status was significantly improved,with a significantly increasing soil pH value and exchangeable calcium ion content;(3)The relative abundance of Geobacteraceae,Chitinophagaceae,Nitrosomonadaceae,Nitrososphaeraceae,Pleosporaceae and Ustilaginaceae was significantly increased;(4)Among the top 30 families with relative abundance,soil pH was significantly negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Chitinophagaceae,Xanthobacteraceae,Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17,Gallionellaceae and Cucurbitariaceae,and significantly positively correlated with Nitrososphaeraceae and Ustilaginaceae;The content of exchangeable calcium ions in soil was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Xanthobacteraceae,Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17 and Terramycetaceae,and significantly positively correlated with Nitrososphaeraceae and Ustilaginaceae.These results suggested that application of the SCAs(alkaline)could improve soil physicochemical properties and alter soil microbial structure,thereby leading to the enhancing accumulation of biomass and increasing of yield of rice.

关 键 词：水稻 增产 土壤调理剂 高通量测序 微生物群落结构 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]