水肥一体化技术促进黄芪减氮增效及养分需求规律研究  

Effects of integrated water and fertilizer technology on nitrogen reduction,efficiency increase and nutrient requirements of Astragalus

作　　者：乌日古木拉 赵巴音那木拉 兰天 叶贺 裴志福 张俊民 胡有林 白雪原 红梅 WU Rigumula;ZHAO Bayinnamula;LAN Tian;YE He;PEI Zhi-fu;ZHANG Jun-min;HU You-lin;BAI Xue-yuan;HONG Mei(College of Grassland and Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Security and Green Development in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Higher Education,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010018;School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084;Shaanxi Kanghui Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.,Xianyang Shaanxi 712000;Inner Mongolia Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010000;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Alxa leage,Alxa League Inner Mongolia 750306)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室,农业生态安全与绿色发展自治区高等学校重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]清华大学环境学院,北京100084 [3]陕西康惠制药股份有限公司,陕西咸阳712000 [4]内蒙古自治区农牧业技术推广中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010000 [5]阿拉善盟农业技术推广中心,内蒙古阿拉善盟750306

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第10期161-171,共11页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(M2042002)。

摘　　要：为了研究在水肥一体化减量施氮条件下黄芪养分吸收规律、肥料利用效率及增产效果。在科尔沁沙地设置对照(CK)、常规施肥+喷灌撒施(CS)、常规施肥+水肥一体化(CW)、减氮30%+水肥一体化(JW_(30%))和减氮50%+水肥一体化(JW_(50%))5个处理。分析黄芪养分吸收规律、肥料利用效率及经济效益。结果表明:(1)水肥一体化减氮技术显著提高了黄芪产量、品质和肥料利用率。其中JW_(30%)处理效果较为明显,与CS相比,产量增加了5.48%,毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和甲苷分别提高了18.99%和7.18%。(2)在不同施肥策略下,JW_(30%)处理吸氮量及肥料利用率显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。JW_(30%)处理吸氮量达227.26 kg·hm^(-2),其次是JW_(50%)处理,达207.62 kg·hm^(-2)。与常规施肥(CS和CW)处理相比,JW_(30%)处理氮肥吸收利用率分别显著增加了26%和24%,磷肥吸收利用率分别增加了9%和1%,钾肥利用率分别增加了8%和7%。(3)减氮30%+水肥一体化条件下,黄芪经济效益最优,与CS相比,纯效益增加了2793~4323元·hm^(-2)。水肥一体化技术可以在减少氮肥施用量的同时,实现黄芪产量、品质、肥料利用率和经济效益的协同提高,最优施氮量是319 kg·hm^(-2),产量可达9810 kg·hm^(-2)。研究结果对科尔沁沙地黄芪高效栽培技术提供理论依据和技术参考。The nutrient absorption patterns of Astragalus under reduced nitrogen application conditions with integrated water and fertilizer were investigated,in order to assess fertilizer utilization efficiency and yield improvement effects.Five treatment groups were established in Horqin sandy land,including a control(CK),conventional fertilization with sprinkler irrigation(CS),integrated water and fertilizer group with conventional nitrogen amount(CW),integrated water and fertilizer with a 30%reduction in nitrogen(JW_(30%))and integrated water and fertilizer with a 50%reduction in nitrogen(JW_(50%)).The nutrient uptake pattern,growth characteristics,yield variation,fertilizer utilization efficiency,and economic benefits of Astragalus were analyzed.The results indicated that:(1)The nitrogen reduction technology of integrated water and fertilizer significantly improved the yield and fertilizer utilization rate of Astragalus in Mongolia.Among them,the effect of JW_(30%)was more obvious,and the yield increased by 5.48%compared with CS.Glucoside and methyl glycoside increased by 18.99%and 7.18%,respectively.(2)Under different fertilization strategies,nitrogen uptake and fertilizer utilization rate of JW_(30%)treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments(P<0.05).Nitrogen absorption of JW_(30%)treatment was 227.26 kg·hm^(-2),followed by JW_(50%)treatment,which was 207.62 kg·hm^(-2).Compared to conventional fertilization(CS and CW)treatments,the nitrogen absorption and utilization rate of JW_(30%)treatment increased significantly by 26%and 24%,respectively,phosphorus fertilizer absorption and utilization rate increased by 9%and 1%,utilization of potash increased by 8%and 7%,respectively.(3)The combination of a 30%reduction in nitrogen and water and fertilizer integration technology resulted in the highest economic benefit for Astragalus.Compared to CS,the net benefit increased by 2793 to 4323 yuan·hm^(-2).Integrated water and fertilizer technology not only reduced the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applica

关 键 词：黄芪 减量施氮 肥料利用率 水肥一体化技术 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]