有机肥氮替代比例对双季稻氮肥利用率及氨挥发特征的影响  

Effects of organic fertilizer nitrogen replacement ratio on nitrogen use efficiency and ammonia volatilization of double-crop rice

作　　者：易宗建 靳拓 袁沛 黄卓江 刘鹏 周旋 彭建伟[2] 田昌[2] YI Zong-jian;JIN Tuo;YUAN Pei;HUANG Zhuo-jiang;LIU Peng;ZHOU Xuan;PENG Jian-wei;TIAN Chang(Cili Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Cili Hunan 427299;College of Resources,Hunan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,Changsha Hunan 410128;Rural Energy and Environment Agency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125;Hunan Aosheng Agricultural Development Co.,Changsha Hunan 416000;Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Changsha Hunan 410125)

机构地区：[1]慈利县农业农村局,湖南慈利427299 [2]湖南农业大学资源学院/土肥高效利用国家工程研究中心,湖南长沙410128 [3]农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站,北京100125 [4]湖南奥生农业发展有限责任公司,湖南长沙416000 [5]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第10期172-181,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金项目(U19A 2050);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800500)。

摘　　要：为有效防控稻田氨(NH_(3))挥发损失并提高水稻氮(N)肥利用率,采用密闭室间歇通气法,设置有机肥N替代化肥N的0%(ON0)、10%(ON0.1)、20%(ON0.2)、30%(ON0.3)、50%(ON0.5)、80%(ON0.8)6个不同替代比例处理及对照处理(不施N,CK),通过田间小区试验研究双季稻田NH_(3)挥发速率的季节性变化规律及损失特征和N肥利用率的影响。结果表明:水稻N肥吸收利用率、农学利用率、偏生产力和N收获指数随有机肥N替代比例的增加表现出先升高后降低的趋势,且以ON0.2和ON0.3处理最高,其中早稻N肥利用率显著高于ON0处理。早、晚稻田NH_(3)挥发峰值分别发生于施肥后2~5、1~3 d。双季稻生长季NH_(3)挥发损失总量(率)以ON0处理最高,达N 76.18 kg·hm^(-2)(22.38%);而有机肥N替代处理NH_(3)挥发损失总量(率)为N42.26~68.13 kg·hm^(-2)(12.81%~20.65%),与有机肥N替代比例呈显著负相关关系。较ON0处理,有机肥N替代处理双季稻单位产量NH_(3)挥发强度降低0.74~2.10 kg·t^(-1),早稻季有机肥N替代20%~80%处理、晚稻季替代30%~80%处理减排效果达到显著水平。相关分析表明,NH_(3)挥发总量与田面水NH4+-N浓度平均值呈显著正相关,与NO_(3)^(-)-N浓度平均值和pH无显著相关性。可见,有机肥N替代20%~30%能有效减少双季稻田NH_(3)挥发,降低N素损失风险,促进养分吸收,提高水稻N肥利用率。The study aimed to effectively prevent and control the loss risk of ammonia(NH_(3))volatilization and improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen(N)fertilizer in rice.Organic fertilizer N was set to replace chemical fertilizer N with six different replacement ratios:0%(ON0),10%(ON0.1),20%(ON0.2),30%(ON0.3),50%(ON0.5),80%(ON0.8)and a control treatment(no N,CK).Field experiment was conducted using the closed chamber intermittent ventilation method to study the effects of different organic N replacement ratio on the seasonal variation of soil NH_(3) volatilization rate and its loss characteristic,and N fertilizer utilization efficiency in double-cropping rice field.The results showed that N fertilizer absorption and utilization ratio,N fertilizer agronomic utilization ratio,N fertilizer partial productivity and N harvest index of rice first increased and then decreased with the increase of organic fertilizer N substitution ratio,and the N fertilizer utilization ratio of early rice was significantly higher than that of ON0 treatment.The peak value of NH_(3) volatilization in earlyand late-rice fields occurred at 2 to 5 and 1 to 3 d after fertilization,respectively.The highest total volatilization loss(rate)of NH_(3) was observed under ON0 treatment,which was N 76.18 kg·hm^(-2)(22.38%),during the growing season of double cropping rice.The total volatilization loss(rate)of NH_(3) in organic N replacement treatments was N 42.26-68.13 kg·hm^(-2)(12.81%-20.65%),which was significantly negatively correlated with the N replacement ratio of organic fertilizer.The NH_(3)volatilization per unit yield of double cropping rice in organic N replacement treatments was 0.74-2.10 kg·t^(-1)lower than that in ON0 treatment.The emission reduction effect of organic fertilizer N replaced by 20%-80%treatments in early rice season and by 30%-80%treatments in late rice season reached a significant level.Correlation analysis showed that the total amount of NH_(3) volatilization had a significant positive correlation with the average NH_

关 键 词：双季稻 有机肥氮替代比例 氮肥利用率 氨挥发 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学]