直播稻一次性侧深施用无机包裹缓控释肥的可行性研究  

Feasibility study on one-time side-depth application of inorganic wrapped controlled-release fertilizer for seeding rice

作　　者：郝祝霞 余淋 丰智松 李月帅 侯翠红[7] 陈国庆 束维正 王坤 宋轶辉 祝松蔚 林丽花 张卫峰 HAO Zhu-xia;YU Lin;FENG Zhi-song;LI Yue-shuai;HOU Cui-hong;CHEN Guo-qing;SHU Wei-zheng;WANG Kun;SONG Yi-hui;ZHU Song-wei;LIN Li-hua;ZHANG Wei-feng(College of esoures and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei Anhui 230036;Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention and Control,Hefei Anhui 230036;Anhui Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Manufacturing and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphate Fertilizer,Hefei Anhui 230036;College of Resources and Environment,Xinan University,Chongqing 400000;College of Resources and Environment,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193;Yantai Research Institute,China Agricultural University,Yantai Shandong 264670;School of Chemical Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou Henan 450001;CNSG Anhui Hong Sifang Fertilizer Industry Co..Ltd.,Hefei Anhui 231602;Agricultural Comprehensive Technical Extension Service Center,Miaotown,Chongming District,Shanghai 202150)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽合肥230036 [2]农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室,安徽合肥230036 [3]安徽省绿色磷肥智能制造与高效利用工程研究中心,安徽合肥230036 [4]西南大学资源与环境学院,重庆400000 [5]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [6]中国农业大学烟台研究院,山东烟台264670 [7]郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州450001 [8]中盐安徽红四方肥业股份有限公司,安徽合肥231602 [9]上海市崇明区庙镇农业综合技术推广服务中心,上海202150

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第10期200-208,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：崇明区农业科创研究项目(2021CNKC-05-03);中盐红四方绿色智能复合肥产业研究院与巢湖面源污染关键技术研究项目(FYGS-JS-202111)。

摘　　要：探讨适用于上海市崇明区单季直播稻南粳46的最适施氮量和施肥方式,以期为崇明区水稻轻简化生产和养分资源高效利用提供技术方案。于2022年6—11月在上海市崇明区进行大田试验,设置不施氮、农户常规施肥、一次性施肥、分蘖期追施一次、分蘖期+穗期追施两次,共计5个处理;分析不同施氮量和运筹方式对水稻生长动态、产量、氮素吸收利用、稻米品质及经济效益的影响。针对上海崇明地区主栽水稻品种(南粳46)采用一次性侧深施肥技术,在施用专用缓释肥并保持纯氮养分投入量为225kg/hm^(2)的氮肥运筹模式能够获得最佳的产量和稻米品质,相对当地农户常规施肥处理减氮27.2%,同时减少水稻后期2~3次施肥,可降低14.0%的成本,产投比达到1.94。这种施肥方式的氮肥利用率最高,为47.5%,相较于农户常规施肥处理提升了51.0%。一次性侧深施肥技术搭配新型肥料施用可以在纯氮投入量为225 kg/hm^(2)的情况下实现最佳的水稻产量、稻米品质和经济效益。The optimum nitrogen application rate and fertilizer application method applicable to single-season direct-seeded rice Nangeng 46 were explored,with a view to providing technical solutions for the light simplified production of rice and the efficient utilization of nutrient resources in Chongming district,Shanghai.A field experiment was conducted from June to November,2022.Five treatments were conducted:no nitrogen application,farmer’s conventional fertilization,one-time fertilization,one follow-up application at tillering stage,and two follow-up applications at tillering+spike stage.The impacts of different nitrogen applications and transport methods on the growth dynamics,yield,nitrogen uptake and utilization,rice quality,and economic benefits of rice were analyze.A side-depth single fertilization technique was adopted for the main rice variety(Nangeng 46)in Chongming,Shanghai.The nitrogen fertilization mode of applying special slow-release fertilizers and keeping the pure nitrogen nutrient input at 225 kg/hm^(2) was able to obtain the best yield and rice quality,reducing nitrogen by27.2%,compared with the conventional fertilization treatment by local farmers,and at the same time reducing the number of 2-3 times of fertilizer application at the late stage of the rice crop and lowering the cost by 14.0%,with a yield/input ratio of 1.94.This fertilization mode had the highest nitrogen utilization rate of 47.5%,which increased by 51.0%,compared with the conventional treatment of local farmers.The one-time side-depth fertilization technique with new fertilizer application could achieve optimal rice yield,rice quality and economic benefits at a pure N input of 225 kg/hm^(2).

关 键 词：水稻 新型肥料 侧深施肥 产量 氮素利用率 经济效益 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]